„Proteinlokalisationsvorhersage“ – Versionsunterschied

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== Eigenschaften ==
== Eigenschaften ==
Proteine werden in [[Eukaryot]]en nach ihrer [[Translation (Biologie)|Herstellung]] im [[Zytosol]] oftmals anhand ihrer [[Signalsequenz]]en sortiert und ihrem Bestimmungsort zugeführt. Der Zielort kann ein zelluläres Kompartiment wie der [[Zellkern]], das [[Endoplasmatisches Retikulum|endoplasmatische Retikulum]], die [[Mitochondrien]], eventuell die [[Chloroplasten]], die [[Peroxisomen]] sein, oder außerhalb der Zelle liegen (bei [[Exozytose]] und [[Sekretion]]).
Proteine werden in [[Eukaryot]]en nach ihrer [[Translation (Biologie)|Herstellung]] im [[Zytosol]] oftmals anhand ihrer [[Signalsequenz]]en sortiert und ihrem Bestimmungsort zugeführt. Der Zielort kann ein zelluläres Kompartiment wie der [[Zellkern]], das [[Endoplasmatisches Retikulum|endoplasmatische Retikulum]], die [[Mitochondrien]], eventuell die [[Chloroplasten]], die [[Peroxisomen]] sein, oder außerhalb der Zelle liegen (bei [[Exozytose]] und [[Sekretion]]).

In [[Prokaryoten]] werden Proteine unter anderem ins [[Periplasma]] transportiert oder sezerniert.


Die Lokalisation eines Proteins kann experimentell durch eine [[Fluoreszenzmikroskopie]] oder durch eine [[Proteinsequenzierung]] (anhand der Signalsequenzen) bestimmt werden, weiterhin kann sie [[in silico]] bioinformatisch vorhergesagt werden.<ref name="pmid16288665">{{cite journal | author = Rey S, Gardy JL, Brinkman FS | title = Assessing the precision of high-throughput computational and laboratory approaches for the genome-wide identification of protein subcellular localization in bacteria | journal = BMC Genomics | volume = 6 | issue = | pages = 162 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16288665 | pmc = 1314894 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2164-6-162 | url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="chou1">{{cite journal | author = Chou KC, Shen HB | title = Cell-PLoc: a package of Web servers for predicting subcellular localization of proteins in various organisms (updated version: Cell-PLoc 2.0: An improved package of web-servers for predicting subcellular localization of proteins in various organisms, Natural Science, 2010, 2, 1090-1103) | journal = Nat Protoc | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | pages = 153–62 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18274516 | doi = 10.1038/nprot.2007.494 | url = | issn = }}</ref>
Die Lokalisation eines Proteins kann experimentell durch eine [[Fluoreszenzmikroskopie]] oder durch eine [[Proteinsequenzierung]] (anhand der Signalsequenzen) bestimmt werden, weiterhin kann sie [[in silico]] bioinformatisch vorhergesagt werden.<ref name="pmid16288665">{{cite journal | author = Rey S, Gardy JL, Brinkman FS | title = Assessing the precision of high-throughput computational and laboratory approaches for the genome-wide identification of protein subcellular localization in bacteria | journal = BMC Genomics | volume = 6 | issue = | pages = 162 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16288665 | pmc = 1314894 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2164-6-162 | url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="chou1">{{cite journal | author = Chou KC, Shen HB | title = Cell-PLoc: a package of Web servers for predicting subcellular localization of proteins in various organisms (updated version: Cell-PLoc 2.0: An improved package of web-servers for predicting subcellular localization of proteins in various organisms, Natural Science, 2010, 2, 1090-1103) | journal = Nat Protoc | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | pages = 153–62 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18274516 | doi = 10.1038/nprot.2007.494 | url = | issn = }}</ref>

== Methoden ==
Die charakteristischen Prediktoren hängen von der jeweiligen [[Art (Biologie)|Art]] ab.<ref>Chou, K. C.; Wu, Z. C.; Xiao, X. iLoc-Euk: A Multi-Label Classifier for Predicting the Subcellular Localization of Singleplex and Multiplex Eukaryotic Proteins, PLoS ONE, 2011, 6, e18258.</ref><ref name="pmid19651102">{{cite journal | author = Shen HB, Chou KC | title = A top-down approach to enhance the power of predicting human protein subcellular localization: Hum-mPLoc 2.0 | journal = Anal. Biochem. | volume = 394 | issue = 2 | pages = 269–74 |date=November 2009 | pmid = 19651102 | doi = 10.1016/j.ab.2009.07.046 | url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid20596258">{{cite journal | author = Chou KC, Shen HB | title = Plant-mPLoc: a top-down strategy to augment the power for predicting plant protein subcellular localization | journal = PLoS ONE | volume = 5 | issue = 6 | pages = e11335 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20596258 | pmc = 2893129 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0011335 | url = | issn = }}</ref> Methods for the prediction of bacterial localization predictors, and their accuracy, have been recently reviewed.<ref name="pmid16964270">{{cite journal | author = Gardy JL, Brinkman FS | title = Methods for predicting bacterial protein subcellular localization | journal = Nat. Rev. Microbiol. | volume = 4 | issue = 10 | pages = 741–51 |date=October 2006 | pmid = 16964270 | doi = 10.1038/nrmicro1494 | url = | issn = }}</ref> Im Folgenden sind einige Methoden zur Lokalisationsvorhersage von Proteinen aufgeführt:<ref>Nakai, K. Protein sorting signals and prediction of subcellular localization. Adv. Protein Chem., 2000, 54, 277-344.</ref><ref>Chou, K. C.; Shen, H. B. Review: Recent progresses in protein subcellular location prediction" ''Anal. Biochem'' 2007, 370, 1-16.</ref>

* [http://www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/Cell-PLoc/ Cell-PLoc]<ref name="chou1"/>
* [http://gpcr.biocomp.unibo.it/bacello/ BaCelLo]<ref name="pmid16873501">{{cite journal | author = Pierleoni A, Martelli PL, Fariselli P, Casadio R | title = BaCelLo: a balanced subcellular localization predictor | journal = Bioinformatics | volume = 22 | issue = 14 | pages = e408–16 |date=July 2006 | pmid = 16873501 | doi = 10.1093/bioinformatics/btl222 | url = | issn = }}</ref>
* [http://cello.life.nctu.edu.tw/ CELLO]<ref name="pmid15096640">{{cite journal | author = Yu CS, Lin CJ, Hwang JK | title = Predicting subcellular localization of proteins for Gram-negative bacteria by support vector machines based on n-peptide compositions | journal = Protein Sci. | volume = 13 | issue = 5 | pages = 1402–6 |date=May 2004 | pmid = 15096640 | pmc = 2286765 | doi = 10.1110/ps.03479604 | url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid16752418">{{cite journal | author = Yu CS, Chen YC, Lu CH, Hwang JK | title = Prediction of protein subcellular localization | journal = Proteins | volume = 64 | issue = 3 | pages = 643–51 |date=August 2006 | pmid = 16752418 | doi = 10.1002/prot.21018 | url = | issn = }}</ref>
* [http://toolkit.tuebingen.mpg.de/clubsubp ClubSub-P]<ref name="pmid22073040">{{cite journal | author = Nagarajan Paramasivam, Dirk Linke | title = ClubSub-P is a database of cluster-based subcellular localization (SCL) predictions for Archaea and Gram negative bacteria | journal = Frontiers in Microbiology | volume = 2| year = 2011 | pmid = 22073040 | doi = 10.3389/Ffmicb.2011.00218}}</ref>
* [http://www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/euk-multi-2/ Euk-mPLoc 2.0]<ref name="chou2">{{cite journal | author = Chou KC, Shen HB | title = A new method for predicting the subcellular localization of eukaryotic proteins with both single and multiple sites: Euk-mPLoc 2.0 | journal = PLoS ONE | volume = 5 | issue = 4 | pages = e9931 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20368981 | pmc = 2848569 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0009931 | url = | issn = }}</ref>
* [http://www.umr6026.univ-rennes1.fr/english/home/research/basic/software/cobalten CoBaltDB]<ref name="pmid20331850">{{cite journal | author = Goudenège D, Avner S, Lucchetti-Miganeh C, Barloy-Hubler F | title = CoBaltDB: Complete bacterial and archaeal orfeomes subcellular localization database and associated resources | journal = BMC Microbiol. | volume = 10 | issue = | pages = 88 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20331850 | pmc = 2850352 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2180-10-88 | url = | issn = }}</ref>
* [http://www.imtech.res.in/raghava/hslpred/ HSLpred]<ref name="pmid15647269">{{cite journal | author = Garg A, Bhasin M, Raghava GP | title = Support vector machine-based method for subcellular localization of human proteins using amino acid compositions, their order, and similarity search | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 280 | issue = 15 | pages = 14427–32 |date=April 2005 | pmid = 15647269 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M411789200 | url = | issn = }}</ref>
* [http://bio-cluster.iis.sinica.edu.tw/kbloc/ KnowPredsite]<ref name="pmid19958518">{{cite journal | author = Lin HN, Chen CT, Sung TY, Ho SY, and Hsu WL. | title = Protein subcellular localization prediction of eukaryotes using a knowledge-based approach | journal = BMC Bioinformatics. | volume = 10 | issue = | pages = S8 |date=December 2009| pmid = 19958518| doi = 10.1186/1471-2105-10-S15-S8 | url = http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/10/S15/S8 | issn = }}</ref>
* [http://rostlab.org/services/LOCtree/ LOCtree]<ref name="pmid15808855">{{cite journal | author = Nair R, Rost B | title = Mimicking cellular sorting improves prediction of subcellular localization | journal = J. Mol. Biol. | volume = 348 | issue = 1 | pages = 85–100 |date=April 2005 | pmid = 15808855 | doi = 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.02.025 | url = | issn = }}</ref>
* [http://www.rostlab.org/services/loctree3 LocTree2/3]<ref name="pmid22962467">{{cite journal | author = Goldberg T, Hamp T, Rost B | title = LocTree2 predicts localization for all domains of life | journal = Bioinformatics | volume = 28 | pages = i458-i465 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22962467 | doi = 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts390 | url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid24848019">{{cite journal | author = Goldberg T, Hecht M, Hamp T, Karl T, Yachdav G, Nielsen H, Rost B <i>et al.</i> | title = LocTree3 prediction of localization | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | year = 2014 | pmid = 24848019 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gku396 | url = | issn = }}</ref>
* [http://www-bs.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/Services/MultiLoc MultiLoc]<ref name="pmid16428265">{{cite journal | author = Höglund A, Dönnes P, Blum T, Adolph HW, Kohlbacher O | title = MultiLoc: prediction of protein subcellular localization using N-terminal targeting sequences, sequence motifs and amino acid composition | journal = Bioinformatics | volume = 22 | issue = 10 | pages = 1158–65 |date=May 2006 | pmid = 16428265 | doi = 10.1093/bioinformatics/btl002 | url = | issn = }}</ref>
* [http://psort.nibb.ac.jp/ PSORT]<ref name="pmid1946347">{{cite journal | author = Nakai K, Kanehisa M | title = Expert system for predicting protein localization sites in gram-negative bacteria | journal = Proteins | volume = 11 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–110 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1946347 | doi = 10.1002/prot.340110203 | url = | issn = }}</ref>
* [http://www.psort.org/psortb/ PSORTb]<ref name="pmid12824378">{{cite journal | author = Gardy JL, Spencer C, Wang K, Ester M, Tusnády GE, Simon I, Hua S, deFays K, Lambert C, Nakai K, Brinkman FS | title = PSORT-B: Improving protein subcellular localization prediction for Gram-negative bacteria | journal = Nucleic Acids Res. | volume = 31 | issue = 13 | pages = 3613–7 |date=July 2003 | pmid = 12824378 | pmc = 169008 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkg602| url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid15501914">{{cite journal | author = Gardy JL, Laird MR, Chen F, Rey S, Walsh CJ, Ester M, Brinkman FS | title = PSORTb v.2.0: expanded prediction of bacterial protein subcellular localization and insights gained from comparative proteome analysis | journal = Bioinformatics | volume = 21 | issue = 5 | pages = 617–23 |date=March 2005 | pmid = 15501914 | doi = 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti057 | url = | issn = }}</ref>
* [http://iimcb.genesilico.pl/MetaLocGramN/home MetaLocGramN]<ref name="pmid22705560">{{cite journal | author = Magnus M, Pawlowski M, Bujnicki JM | title = MetaLocGramN: a meta-predictor of protein subcellular localization for Gram-negative bacteria | journal = BBA - Proteins and Proteomics | volume = 1824 | issue = 12 | pages = 1425-33 |date=December 2012 | pmid = 22705560 | pmc = | doi = 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.05.018 | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570963912001185 | issn = }}</ref>
* [http://rostlab.org/predictNLS/ PredictNLS]<ref name="pmid12520032">{{cite journal | author = Nair R, Carter P, Rost B | title = NLSdb: database of nuclear localization signals | journal = Nucleic Acids Res. | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 397–9 |date=January 2003 | pmid = 12520032 | pmc = 165448 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkg001| url = | issn = }}</ref>
* [http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/%7Ebioinfo/PA/Sub/index.html Proteome Analyst]<ref name="pmid14990451">{{cite journal | author = Lu Z, Szafron D, Greiner R, Lu P, Wishart DS, Poulin B, Anvik J, Macdonell C, Eisner R | title = Predicting subcellular localization of proteins using machine-learned classifiers | journal = Bioinformatics | volume = 20 | issue = 4 | pages = 547–56 |date=March 2004 | pmid = 14990451 | doi = 10.1093/bioinformatics/bth026 | url = | issn = }}</ref>
* [http://distillf.ucd.ie/distill/ SCLPred]<ref name="pmid21873639">{{cite journal | author = Mooney C, Wang YH, Pollastri G. | title = SCLpred: protein subcellular localization prediction by N-to-1 neural networks. | journal = Bioinformatics | volume = 27 | issue = 20 | pages = 2812–9 |date=October 2011 | pmid = 21873639 | doi = 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr494 | url = | issn = }}</ref>
* [http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/SecretomeP SecretomeP]<ref name="pmid15115854">{{cite journal | author = Bendtsen JD, Jensen LJ, Blom N, Von Heijne G, Brunak S | title = Feature-based prediction of non-classical and leaderless protein secretion | journal = Protein Eng. Des. Sel. | volume = 17 | issue = 4 | pages = 349–56 |date=April 2004 | pmid = 15115854 | doi = 10.1093/protein/gzh037 | url = | issn = }}</ref>
* [http://www-bs.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/Services/SherLoc SherLoc]<ref name="pmid17392328">{{cite journal | author = Shatkay H, Höglund A, Brady S, Blum T, Dönnes P, Kohlbacher O | title = SherLoc: high-accuracy prediction of protein subcellular localization by integrating text and protein sequence data | journal = Bioinformatics | volume = 23 | issue = 11 | pages = 1410–7 |date=June 2007 | pmid = 17392328 | doi = 10.1093/bioinformatics/btm115 | url = | issn = }}</ref>
* [http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/TargetP/ TargetP]<ref name="pmid10891285">{{cite journal | author = Emanuelsson O, Nielsen H, Brunak S, von Heijne G | title = Predicting subcellular localization of proteins based on their N-terminal amino acid sequence | journal = J. Mol. Biol. | volume = 300 | issue = 4 | pages = 1005–16 |date=July 2000 | pmid = 10891285 | doi = 10.1006/jmbi.2000.3903 | url = | issn = }}</ref>
* [http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/TMHMM/ TMHMM]
* [http://wolfpsort.org/ WoLF PSORT]<ref name="pmid17517783">{{cite journal | author = Horton P, Park KJ, Obayashi T, Fujita N, Harada H, Adams-Collier CJ, Nakai K | title = WoLF PSORT: protein localization predictor | journal = Nucleic Acids Res. | volume = 35 | issue = Web Server issue | pages = W585–7 |date=July 2007 | pmid = 17517783 | pmc = 1933216 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkm259 | url = | issn = }}</ref>
*[http://sclap.bicpu.edu.in/ SCLAP]<ref name="pmid23289782">{{cite journal | author = Saravanan V, Lakshmi PTV | title = SCLAP:An Adaptive Boosting Method for Predicting Subchloroplast Localization of Plant Proteins | journal = OMICS | volume = 17 | issue = 2 | pages = 106–15 |date=Jan 2013 | pmid = 23289782 |doi = 10.1089/omi.2012.0070 | url = | issn = }}</ref>
*[http://apslap.bicpu.edu.in/ APSLAP]<ref name="pmid23982307">{{cite journal | author = Saravanan V, Lakshmi PTV | title = APSLAP: an adaptive boosting technique for predicting subcellular localization of apoptosis protein | journal = Acta Biotheor | volume = 61 | issue = 4 | pages = 481-97 |date=Dec 2013 | pmid = 23982307 |doi = 10.1007/s10441-013-9197-1 | url = | issn = }}</ref>

== Anwendungen ==
Die Vorhersage der Lokalisation von Proteinen wird in der Biochemie und Biotechnologie bei der Erzeugung sezernierter [[Rekombinantes Protein|rekombinanter Proteine]] verwendet. In der [[Pharmakologie]] sind sezernierte Proteine und [[Membranprotein]]e oftmals [[Target (Biologie)|Targets]] in einem [[Wirkstoffdesign]]. Proteine mit fehlerhafter Lokalisation sind unter anderem bei [[Krebs (Medizin)|Krebs]] und bei der [[Alzheimersche Krankheit|Alzheimerschen Krankheit]] zu finden.


== Literatur ==
== Literatur ==

Version vom 11. Juni 2014, 17:45 Uhr

Die Proteinlokalisationsvorhersage umfasst biochemische und bioinformatische Methoden zur Bestimmung des Ziel-Kompartiments eines Proteins.

Eigenschaften

Proteine werden in Eukaryoten nach ihrer Herstellung im Zytosol oftmals anhand ihrer Signalsequenzen sortiert und ihrem Bestimmungsort zugeführt. Der Zielort kann ein zelluläres Kompartiment wie der Zellkern, das endoplasmatische Retikulum, die Mitochondrien, eventuell die Chloroplasten, die Peroxisomen sein, oder außerhalb der Zelle liegen (bei Exozytose und Sekretion).

In Prokaryoten werden Proteine unter anderem ins Periplasma transportiert oder sezerniert.

Die Lokalisation eines Proteins kann experimentell durch eine Fluoreszenzmikroskopie oder durch eine Proteinsequenzierung (anhand der Signalsequenzen) bestimmt werden, weiterhin kann sie in silico bioinformatisch vorhergesagt werden.[1][2]

Methoden

Die charakteristischen Prediktoren hängen von der jeweiligen Art ab.[3][4][5] Methods for the prediction of bacterial localization predictors, and their accuracy, have been recently reviewed.[6] Im Folgenden sind einige Methoden zur Lokalisationsvorhersage von Proteinen aufgeführt:[7][8]

Anwendungen

Die Vorhersage der Lokalisation von Proteinen wird in der Biochemie und Biotechnologie bei der Erzeugung sezernierter rekombinanter Proteine verwendet. In der Pharmakologie sind sezernierte Proteine und Membranproteine oftmals Targets in einem Wirkstoffdesign. Proteine mit fehlerhafter Lokalisation sind unter anderem bei Krebs und bei der Alzheimerschen Krankheit zu finden.

Literatur

  • Bork P, Dandekar T, Diaz-Lazcoz Y, Eisenhaber F, Huynen M, Yuan Y: Predicting function: from genes to genomes and back. In: J. Mol. Biol. 283. Jahrgang, Nr. 4, November 1998, S. 707–25, doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.2144, PMID 9790834.
  • Nakai K: Protein sorting signals and prediction of subcellular localization. In: Adv. Protein Chem. 54. Jahrgang, 2000, S. 277–344, doi:10.1016/s0065-3233(00)54009-1, PMID 10829231.
  • Emanuelsson O: Predicting protein subcellular localisation from amino acid sequence information. In: Brief. Bioinformatics. 3. Jahrgang, Nr. 4, Dezember 2002, S. 361–76, doi:10.1093/bib/3.4.361, PMID 12511065.
  • Schneider G, Fechner U: Advances in the prediction of protein targeting signals. In: Proteomics. 4. Jahrgang, Nr. 6, Juni 2004, S. 1571–80, doi:10.1002/pmic.200300786, PMID 15174127.
  • Gardy JL, Brinkman FS: Methods for predicting bacterial protein subcellular localization. In: Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 4. Jahrgang, Nr. 10, Oktober 2006, S. 741–51, doi:10.1038/nrmicro1494, PMID 16964270.
  • Chou KC, Shen HB: Recent progress in protein subcellular location prediction. In: Anal. Biochem. 370. Jahrgang, Nr. 1, November 2007, S. 1–16, doi:10.1016/j.ab.2007.07.006, PMID 17698024.

Weblinks

  • Cell Centered Database - Protein subcellular localization data
  • Cell-PLoc 2.0 - A recently updated version of Cell-PLoc
  • BaCelLo - Balanced subCellular Localization predictor
  • CELLO - subCELlular LOcalization predictor for prokaryotes and eukaryotes
  • CoBaltDB - Complete bacterial and archaeal orfeomes subcellular localization database and associated resources
  • KnowPredsite - MultiLoc prediction webserver for eukaryotes
  • LOCtree - prediction webserver for prokaryotes and eukaryotes
  • LocTree2/3 - prediction webserver for proteins in all domains of life
  • MultiLoc - MultiLoc prediction webserver
  • PSORT.org - A portal for protein subcellular localization predictors
  • SherLoc - SherLoc prediction webserver
  • MetaLocGramN - MetaLocGramN prediction webserver (2012)

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ Rey S, Gardy JL, Brinkman FS: Assessing the precision of high-throughput computational and laboratory approaches for the genome-wide identification of protein subcellular localization in bacteria. In: BMC Genomics. 6. Jahrgang, 2005, S. 162, doi:10.1186/1471-2164-6-162, PMID 16288665, PMC 1314894 (freier Volltext).
  2. ↑ a b Chou KC, Shen HB: Cell-PLoc: a package of Web servers for predicting subcellular localization of proteins in various organisms (updated version: Cell-PLoc 2.0: An improved package of web-servers for predicting subcellular localization of proteins in various organisms, Natural Science, 2010, 2, 1090-1103). In: Nat Protoc. 3. Jahrgang, Nr. 2, 2008, S. 153–62, doi:10.1038/nprot.2007.494, PMID 18274516.
  3. ↑ Chou, K. C.; Wu, Z. C.; Xiao, X. iLoc-Euk: A Multi-Label Classifier for Predicting the Subcellular Localization of Singleplex and Multiplex Eukaryotic Proteins, PLoS ONE, 2011, 6, e18258.
  4. ↑ Shen HB, Chou KC: A top-down approach to enhance the power of predicting human protein subcellular localization: Hum-mPLoc 2.0. In: Anal. Biochem. 394. Jahrgang, Nr. 2, November 2009, S. 269–74, doi:10.1016/j.ab.2009.07.046, PMID 19651102.
  5. ↑ Chou KC, Shen HB: Plant-mPLoc: a top-down strategy to augment the power for predicting plant protein subcellular localization. In: PLoS ONE. 5. Jahrgang, Nr. 6, 2010, S. e11335, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011335, PMID 20596258, PMC 2893129 (freier Volltext).
  6. ↑ Gardy JL, Brinkman FS: Methods for predicting bacterial protein subcellular localization. In: Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 4. Jahrgang, Nr. 10, Oktober 2006, S. 741–51, doi:10.1038/nrmicro1494, PMID 16964270.
  7. ↑ Nakai, K. Protein sorting signals and prediction of subcellular localization. Adv. Protein Chem., 2000, 54, 277-344.
  8. ↑ Chou, K. C.; Shen, H. B. Review: Recent progresses in protein subcellular location prediction" Anal. Biochem 2007, 370, 1-16.
  9. ↑ Pierleoni A, Martelli PL, Fariselli P, Casadio R: BaCelLo: a balanced subcellular localization predictor. In: Bioinformatics. 22. Jahrgang, Nr. 14, Juli 2006, S. e408–16, doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btl222, PMID 16873501.
  10. ↑ Yu CS, Lin CJ, Hwang JK: Predicting subcellular localization of proteins for Gram-negative bacteria by support vector machines based on n-peptide compositions. In: Protein Sci. 13. Jahrgang, Nr. 5, Mai 2004, S. 1402–6, doi:10.1110/ps.03479604, PMID 15096640, PMC 2286765 (freier Volltext).
  11. ↑ Yu CS, Chen YC, Lu CH, Hwang JK: Prediction of protein subcellular localization. In: Proteins. 64. Jahrgang, Nr. 3, August 2006, S. 643–51, doi:10.1002/prot.21018, PMID 16752418.
  12. ↑ Nagarajan Paramasivam, Dirk Linke: ClubSub-P is a database of cluster-based subcellular localization (SCL) predictions for Archaea and Gram negative bacteria. In: Frontiers in Microbiology. 2. Jahrgang, 2011, doi:10.3389/Ffmicb.2011.00218, PMID 22073040.
  13. ↑ Chou KC, Shen HB: A new method for predicting the subcellular localization of eukaryotic proteins with both single and multiple sites: Euk-mPLoc 2.0. In: PLoS ONE. 5. Jahrgang, Nr. 4, 2010, S. e9931, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009931, PMID 20368981, PMC 2848569 (freier Volltext).
  14. ↑ Goudenège D, Avner S, Lucchetti-Miganeh C, Barloy-Hubler F: CoBaltDB: Complete bacterial and archaeal orfeomes subcellular localization database and associated resources. In: BMC Microbiol. 10. Jahrgang, 2010, S. 88, doi:10.1186/1471-2180-10-88, PMID 20331850, PMC 2850352 (freier Volltext).
  15. ↑ Garg A, Bhasin M, Raghava GP: Support vector machine-based method for subcellular localization of human proteins using amino acid compositions, their order, and similarity search. In: J. Biol. Chem. 280. Jahrgang, Nr. 15, April 2005, S. 14427–32, doi:10.1074/jbc.M411789200, PMID 15647269.
  16. ↑ Lin HN, Chen CT, Sung TY, Ho SY, and Hsu WL.: Protein subcellular localization prediction of eukaryotes using a knowledge-based approach. In: BMC Bioinformatics. 10. Jahrgang, Dezember 2009, S. S8, doi:10.1186/1471-2105-10-S15-S8, PMID 19958518 (biomedcentral.com).
  17. ↑ Nair R, Rost B: Mimicking cellular sorting improves prediction of subcellular localization. In: J. Mol. Biol. 348. Jahrgang, Nr. 1, April 2005, S. 85–100, doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2005.02.025, PMID 15808855.
  18. ↑ Goldberg T, Hamp T, Rost B: LocTree2 predicts localization for all domains of life. In: Bioinformatics. 28. Jahrgang, 2012, S. i458-i465, doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts390, PMID 22962467.
  19. ↑ <span id="Reference-Goldberg T, Hecht M, Hamp T, Karl T, Yachdav G, Nielsen H, Rost B et al.-2014">Goldberg T, Hecht M, Hamp T, Karl T, Yachdav G, Nielsen H, Rost B et al.: LocTree3 prediction of localization. In: Nucleic Acids Research. 2014, doi:10.1093/nar/gku396, PMID 24848019.
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  25. ↑ Nair R, Carter P, Rost B: NLSdb: database of nuclear localization signals. In: Nucleic Acids Res. 31. Jahrgang, Nr. 1, Januar 2003, S. 397–9, doi:10.1093/nar/gkg001, PMID 12520032, PMC 165448 (freier Volltext).
  26. ↑ Lu Z, Szafron D, Greiner R, Lu P, Wishart DS, Poulin B, Anvik J, Macdonell C, Eisner R: Predicting subcellular localization of proteins using machine-learned classifiers. In: Bioinformatics. 20. Jahrgang, Nr. 4, März 2004, S. 547–56, doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bth026, PMID 14990451.
  27. ↑ Mooney C, Wang YH, Pollastri G.: SCLpred: protein subcellular localization prediction by N-to-1 neural networks. In: Bioinformatics. 27. Jahrgang, Nr. 20, Oktober 2011, S. 2812–9, doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btr494, PMID 21873639.
  28. ↑ Bendtsen JD, Jensen LJ, Blom N, Von Heijne G, Brunak S: Feature-based prediction of non-classical and leaderless protein secretion. In: Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 17. Jahrgang, Nr. 4, April 2004, S. 349–56, doi:10.1093/protein/gzh037, PMID 15115854.
  29. ↑ Shatkay H, Höglund A, Brady S, Blum T, Dönnes P, Kohlbacher O: SherLoc: high-accuracy prediction of protein subcellular localization by integrating text and protein sequence data. In: Bioinformatics. 23. Jahrgang, Nr. 11, Juni 2007, S. 1410–7, doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btm115, PMID 17392328.
  30. ↑ Emanuelsson O, Nielsen H, Brunak S, von Heijne G: Predicting subcellular localization of proteins based on their N-terminal amino acid sequence. In: J. Mol. Biol. 300. Jahrgang, Nr. 4, Juli 2000, S. 1005–16, doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3903, PMID 10891285.
  31. ↑ Horton P, Park KJ, Obayashi T, Fujita N, Harada H, Adams-Collier CJ, Nakai K: WoLF PSORT: protein localization predictor. In: Nucleic Acids Res. 35. Jahrgang, Web Server issue, Juli 2007, S. W585–7, doi:10.1093/nar/gkm259, PMID 17517783, PMC 1933216 (freier Volltext).
  32. ↑ Saravanan V, Lakshmi PTV: SCLAP:An Adaptive Boosting Method for Predicting Subchloroplast Localization of Plant Proteins. In: OMICS. 17. Jahrgang, Nr. 2, Januar 2013, S. 106–15, doi:10.1089/omi.2012.0070, PMID 23289782.
  33. ↑ Saravanan V, Lakshmi PTV: APSLAP: an adaptive boosting technique for predicting subcellular localization of apoptosis protein. In: Acta Biotheor. 61. Jahrgang, Nr. 4, Dezember 2013, S. 481-97, doi:10.1007/s10441-013-9197-1, PMID 23982307.
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