Benutzer:Succu/Spielwiese/15

Funktionsweise des Mikroskops, Zeichnung aus der *Micrographia*.

Eine der von Hooke angefertigten Zeichnungen aus der *Micrographia*: Zellen in Flaschenkork

Micrographia ist ein Werk des englischen Universalgelehrten Robert Hooke. Micrographia: or some physiological descriptions of minute bodies made by magnifying glasses : with observations and inquiries thereupon.

Entstehungsgeschichte[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

1. April 1663

Mr. Hooke was charged to bring in at every meeting one microscopical obsevation at least.^[1]

8. April 1663 Goldenes Frauenhaarmoos?

Mr. Hooke shewed the company a scheme of the appearance of common moss in a microscope. He was desired to continue, and against next meeting to have ready, the microscopical appearance of the little fishes in vinegar.^[2]

15. April 1663 Kork, en:Ketton stone, ein oolithischer Kalkstein aus Stadt en:Ketton in Rutland

Mr. Hooke shewed two microscopical schemes, one representing the pores of cork, cut both transverse and perpendicular ; the other a Kettering-stone, appearing to be composed of globules, and these hollow ones, each having three coats sticking to one another, and so making up one intire firm stone.^[3]

22. April 1663 Egel in Essig, Schimmelpilz auf Leder

Mr. Hooke brought in two microscopical observations, one of leeches in vinegar; the other of a bluish mould upon a mouldy piece of leather.^[4]

29. April 1663 mine of diamonds usual in flints; Spinne

Mr. Hooke produced two microscopical observations, one of a mine of diamonds usual in flints ; the other a spider appearing to have six eyes : but this latter was not yet persectly drawn.^[5]

6. Mai 1663 Mücke

Mr. Hook, exhibited a microscopical observation of a female gnat, distinguished from the male by the bigness of her belly ; that of the male being, thin and lank, the male having also a tuft.^[6]

20. Mai 1663 Kopf einer Ameise, Flügel einer Mücke, Spitze einer Nadel

Mr. Hooke produced three microscopical observations : 1. Of the head of an ant: 2. Of a strange fly like a gnat: 3. Of the point of a needle.^[7]

27. Mai 1663 Auftrag Salbei, Versteinertes Holz; männliche Mücke

Mr. Hooks was charged to look upon sage with a microscope, and to observe, whether there lurked any little spiders in the cavities ot the leaves, that might make them noxious.^[8]

1) Mr. Hooke produced Dr. Goddard's petrified wood, being cut smooth, and having a polish ; which being viewed by him in a microscope in its closest part, still appeared porous. He was desired to cause the same stony wood to be cut sideways; and also to bring in his observations upon it.

2) Mr. Hooke brought in his microscopical observation of a male gnat. He was ordered to bring in writing the experiment of air exhausted out of water, and re-rapsing into it again.^[9]

3. Juni 1663 (Hooke ausgenommen)

Mr. Hooke was ordered to bring in writing his observations upon Dr. GodDard's petrified wood at the next meeting : And To observe by a microscope, whether there be any cavities in sage-leaves for little spiders to lodge in.^[10]

10. Juni 1663

Mr. Hooke gave an account of his having looked upon sage-leaves with a microscope, to see whether in the cavities thereof any little spiders lurk and he said that he had seen none.^[11]

17. Juni 1663 (hat Account über verst. Holz verlesen)

Mr. Hooke was desired to continue his observations by a microscope upon sageleaves, he having at some times seen nothing like little spiders in the cavities thereof; and at other times abundance of little eggs upon the said leaves.^[12]

24. Juni 1663 (Viper-Powder)

Dr. Power produced several microscopical observations made by himself: and Dr. Wilkins, Dr. Wren, and Mr. Hooke were appointed to join together for more observations of the like nature. [...] Mr. Hooke was desired to look upon some of the powder through a microscope [...]^[13]

1. Juli 1663 Viper-Powder

Mr. Hooke gave an account, that he had looked with a miscroscope upon the viper-powder kept by Mr. Pulleyn, but found nothing alive. He was ordered to continue his observations upon sage-leaves.^[14]

6. Juli 1663 Meeting des Councils, Vorbereitung auf den Besuch des Königs

Mr. Hooke was charged to shew his microscopical observations in a handsome book to be provided by him for that purpose : to weigh the air, both in the engine and abroad : to break empty glass balls; as also to let the water ascend into them after they have been emptied : to provide the instrument for finding the difserent pressure of the atmosphere in the same place, as likewise the hygroscope made of the beard of a wild oat.^[15]

8. Juli 1663 Rasierkinge, ?, Tausendfüßer

Mr. Hooke brought in three microscopical observations, 1. Of the edge of a razor : 2. Of a piece of fine taffata-ribband : 3. Of one of the millepedes^[16]

16. Juli 1663 Linon, venezianisches Papier?, tinea argentea (Kleidermotte?)

Mr. Hooke produced three microscopical observations, 1. Of fine lawn. 2. Of a very smooth and even gilt edge of fine Venice-paper. 3. Of a tinea argentea^[17]

5. August 1663 Seetang; Schneckenzähne, Rosenblätter

Mr. Hooke produced three microscopical observations ; Of the honey-comb sea-weed. 2. Of the teeth of a snail. 3. Of rose-leaves, having, at the season of the year, when they are withering, a certain plant growing on the back of them.^[18]

19. August 1663 Spinne

Mr. Hooke produced his microscopical observation of a long-legged spider, having two eyes fixed on its back, and standing out upon a stem.^[19]

26. August 1663 (Plejadenabbildung)^[20]
2. September 1663 Mückenlarve

Mr. Hooke produced a microscopical observation of a worm bred in rain-water, and turned into a gnat.^[21]

9. September 1663 Teile einer Fliege

Mr. Hooke produced likewise a microscopical observation of the several parts of a fly.^[22]

30. September 1663 Schuppen der Fohlenhaut, Katze, Katze (Probenentnahme)

Mr. Hooke produced likewise three microscopical observations; 1. Of the Scales of a foal's-skin, presenten by Mr. Pell. 2. Of a piece of tabby. 3. Of the beard of a wild oat.^[23]

14. Oktober 1663 Fliege, Moos auf einem Ziegestein

Mr. Hooke communicated two microscopical observations, one of a common fly, the other of moss grown upon a brick, together with the seed.^[24]

21. Oktober 1663 Teil eines Fliegenflügels (Hygroskope)

He likewise produced the microscopical observation of a part of a fly's wing.^[25]

28. Oktober 1663 Ameise

He shewed a microscopical observation of a pismire.^[26]

4. November 1663 Milbe; Feuerstein; Haare, Borsten

Mr. Hooke shewed some microscopical observations of, 1. A mite. 2. Sparks of a flint. 3. Hairs of a man's head, of a cat, and of a horse, and some bristles.^[27]

25. November 1663 Seidenraupe

Mr. Hooke shewed a microscopical observation of a silk worm’s egg.^[28]

9. Dezember 1663 nix

Mr. Hooke was desired to observe in his microscope some of the deer's hair, what cavities they have: and Mr. Clayton promised to furnish him with some deer's hair brought from the Indies.^[29]

16. Dezember 1663 nix

Mr. Hooke was desired to examine by his microscope some Indian deer's hair produced by Mr. Clayton, and to make a report, whether they are tubulous or not.^[30]

23. Dezember 1663 Haar des Indischen Hirsches (Sylvia)

Mr. Hooke was desired to look upon a piece of this wood through his mitroscope.^[31]

Mr. Hooke produced a microscopical observation of the hair of an Indian deer, which represents it to be like a spungc, not like quills.^[32]

He [Wilkins] shewed the hair of an elephant which was delivered to Mr. Hooke to be exarcained in a microscope.^[33]
23. März 1664 Beschluss des Councils

It was ordered, that Mr. Hooke produce at every meeting ot the Society one of his microscopical discourses, in order to their being printed by order of the Society.^[34]

22. Juni 1664 Review

It being mentioned, that in case Mr. Hooke's microscopical observations should be printed by order of the society, they might be perused and examined by some members of the society, the lord viscount Brouncker was desired to undertake this perusal, and to communicate the manuscript, after his perusal of it, to whom of the society he should think fit.^[35]

23. November 1664 Lizenz, Boyles Brief

That the president be desired to sign a licence for the printing of Mr. Hooke's microscopical book.

That Mr. Hooke give notice in the dedication of that work to the society, that though they have licensed it, yet they own no theory, nor will be thought to do so: and that the several hypotheses and theories laid down by him therein, are not delivered as certainties, but as conjectures; and that he intends not at all to obfrude or expose them to the world as the opinion of the society.^[36]

Inhalt[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Of the point of a sharp small needle
Of the edge of a razor
Of fine lawn, or linnen cloth
Of fine waled silk, or taffety
Of watered silks, or stuffs
Of small glass canes
Of some phænomena of glass drops
Of the fiery sparks struck from a flint or steel
Of the colours observable in muscovy glass, and other thin bodies
Of metalline, and other real colours
Of figures observ’d in small sand
Of gravel in urine
Of the small diamants, or sparks in flints
Of several kindes of frozen figures
Of kettering-stone, and of the pores of inanimate bodies
Of charcoal, or burnt vegetables
Of petrify’d wood, and other petrify’d bodies
Of the schematisme or texture of cork, and of the cells and pores of some other such frothy bodies
Of a plant growing in the blighted or yellow specks of damask-rose-leaves, bramble-leaves, and some other kind of leaves
Of blue mould, and of the first principles of vegetation arising from putrefaction
Of moss, and several other small vegetative substances
Of common sponges, and several other spongie fibrous bodies
Of the curious texture of sea-weeds
Of the surfaces of rosemary, and other leaves
Of the stinging points and juice of nettles, and some other venomous plants
Of cowage, and the itching operation of some bodies
Of the beard of a wilde oat, and the use that may be made of it for exhibiting always to the eye the temperature of the air, as to driness and moisture
Of the seeds of Venus looking-glass, or corn violet
Of the seeds of tyme
Of the seeds of poppy
Of purslane-seed
Of the figure of several sorts of hair, and of the texture of the skin
Of the scales of a soal, and other fishes
Of the sting of a bee
Of the contexture and shape of the particles of feathers
Of peacoks, ducks, and other feathers of changeable colours
Of the feet of flies, and several other insects
Of the structure and motion of the wings of flies
Of the eyes and head of a grey drone-fly, and of several other creatures
Of the teeth of a snail
Of the eggs of silk-worms, and other insects
Of a blue fly
Of the water-insect or gnat
Of the tufted or brush-horn’d gnat
Of the great belly'd gnat or female gnat
Of the white featherwing’d moth or Tinea argentea
Of the shepherd spider, or long legg’d spider
Of the hunting spider, and several other sorts of spiders
Of an ant or pismire
Of the wandring mite
Of the crab-like insect
Of the small silver-colour'd book-worm
Of a flea
Of a louse
Of mites
Of a small creature hatch’d on a vine
Of the eels in vinegar
Of a new property in the air, and several other transparent mediums nam'd inflection, whereby very many considerable phænomena are attempted to be solv’d, and divers other uses are hinted
Of multitudes of small stars discoverable by the telescope
Of the moon