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The Landscape Park in Bukowiec, a listed site, is a 125-hectare estate that comprises of a park, staffage buildings and outbuildings of the former model farm. The park is located at the foot of Karkonosze (the Giant Mountains). In 1785, the later Prussian mining minister Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden bought the Bukowiec palace complex and the surrounding properties.

Through his extensive travels to England in the service of the Prussian government, von Reden brought the idea of the English landscape park to Silesia. The landscape park and the model agricultural farm in Bukowiec, which complemented the park, are therefore among the earliest implementations of this concept on the European continent, alongside the Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Kingdom.

Geographical location

The Landscape Park in Bukowiec is located on the road connecting the communes of Mysłakowice and Kowary in the Jelenia Góra Basin; at the northern foot of the Giant mountains (Karkonosze); about 14 km southeast of the district town of Jelenia Góra and 112 km southwest of the voivodeship capital Wroclaw; at an average altitude of 400-490 m above sea level.

History

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The Landscape Park in Bukowiec  and the model farm were created between 1785 and 1850. Today, around 125 hectares are still completely preserved. The main features of the park are attributed to Count von Reden himself, and from 1795 at the latest, the artistic gardener Hans Karl Walter was also entrusted with the design of the park. Walter was also commissioned with other projects in the Jelenia Góra Basin, e.g. the park as well as the Count Schaffgott's orangery and kitchen and ornamental gardens in Cieplice Śląskie Zdrój. The enlightened and progressive attitude of the owners of the estate (Count von Reden married Friederike von Riedesel in 1802) as well as friendly relations with the Prussian court subsequently gave the estate great appeal. Important personalities visited the estate and made it famous far beyond the Silesian borders.  Representatives of the European aristocracy such as Frederick William III and his successor Frederick William IV as well as the Russian Tsarina Alexandra Fyodorovna and the Polish Princess Izabela Czartoryska visited the complex several times.

Description

The part of the complex that has been preserved to this day consistently addresses the aesthetics and sensibility of Romanticism. The design follows the principle of connecting the outer areas used for agriculture with the inner park areas. The interrelationships between areas reserved for agricultural and aesthetic purposes were created according to he principle of the English model of an ornamental farm. Finally, carefully tended meadows, fields, fish ponds, outbuildings and the scattered staffage buildings form the creative and complement.

The surrounding mountain landscape of the Giant Mountains is incorporated through visual axes, meandering streams and ditches enliven the park as a well thought-out water system. A slightly hilly area to the east of the ponds opens up the panorama of the Karkonosze Mountains. A picturesque slope with shady forests, groves and meadows stretches to the north. Small arable fields lead down towards the ponds and the outbuildings. Today, the park is home to a dendrologically restored and valuable historical tree population, such as the line of oaks on the fish pond embankments and the Linden trees, some of which date back to Count Reden. The ponds are used for fish farming or as unmanaged nature reserves and recreational areas. A network of signposted paths leads through the park.

Preserved and reconstructed structures in the park

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There are numerous preserved and reconstructed structures in the park. However, some of the architectural features have been lost: the pavilion by the palace pond was demolished in the 1970s and the Renaissance fountain was relocated to the park of Namysłów Castle in 1938, where it still exists today, albeit in poor condition. Significant preserved structures include the mausoleum of the Reden family (1815), designed as a Gothic church in ruins, located above the former sheep pasture. in In the eastern part of the estate you can find the the so-called Kessel’s castle, a neo-Romanesque castle ruin whose viewing tower offers a wonderful view of Karkonosze. The park is also home to the privately owned Gardener’s House, which had been the residence of Walter, the gardener entrusted with the care and development of the grounds, since 1797. The Fisherman's House near the Bathing Pond has been reconstructed recently and houses a seasonal catering facility.  The Exedra by Ludwig Persius from 1845, i.e. a semicircular architectural recess,  was fully restored in 2023.

The Belvedere is also located in the park. The building, in the style of an ancient temple, with its tympanum, restored frieze and architrave supported on four Doric columns, aesthetically defines the central area of the park.

Buildings of the estate

The park also includes the former dominion of Count Reden, built around 1800 in the Palladian style by Langhans' pupil Carl Gottfried Geißler. The three-sided cattlehouse, which was destroyed by arson, is awaiting reconstruction. The former sheepfold has been restored and is now used as an event venue. The top floor also offers hotel rooms and  is home to the office of the German-Polish Association for the Promotion of Silesian Art and Culture. Completely in the there is some piece missing. The barn has been preserved in its original condition with its historic roof truss. Currently under the name of The Artists’ Barn is used for major events such as the Festival dell’Arte and houses a permanent exhibition, about the palaces and castles of the Jelenia Góra Basin. The former administration building, also preserved in its original Geisslerian version, now houses vacation apartments. The former brewery was privatized and built over after 1990 and is not owned by the foundation. The building ensemble is completed by the former taproom, which now houses the foundation's offices and the Mysterious Forest Museum.

Literature

• Arno Herzig und Christopher Schmidt-Münzberg: Das Hirschberger Tal einst und jetzt, Senfkorn Verlag Görlitz 2018, ISBN 3-935330-40-5
• Günter Grundmann: Erlebte Jahre Widerschein. Von schönen Häusern, guten Freunden und alten Familien in Schlesien. Bergstadt Verlag München, 1954
• Günter Grundmann: Kunstwanderungen im Riesengebirge, Bergstadt Verlag München, 1960
• Arne Franke: Das schlesische Elysium. Burgen, Schlösser, Herrenhäuser und Parks im Hirschberger Tal, Deutsches Kulturforum östliches Europa, Potsdam, 2018, ISBN 978-3-936168-90-7

Weblinks

Commons: Landschaftspark Buchwald – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien

• Website der Stiftung der Schlösser und Gärten
• Website des Vereins zur Pflege schlesischer Kunst und Kultur
• Website Ornamental Farm Buchwald