Benutzer:Shi Annan/Maplin Sands
Vorlage:Short description Vorlage:Use dmy dates The Maplin Sands are mudflats on the northern bank of the Thames estuary, off Foulness Island, near Southend-on-Sea in Essex, England, though they actually lie within the neighbouring borough of Rochford. They form a part of the Essex Estuaries Special Area of Conservation due to their value for nature conservation, with a large colony of dwarf eelgrass (Zostera noltei) and associated animal communities.[1]
To the northeast, the Maplin sands are contiguous with the Foulness sands, which are bordered to the north by the Whitaker Channel; the seaward continuation of the River Crouch.[2] To the south runs the Swin Channel.[3]
History
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Maplin Sands is crossed by the ancient trackway known as The Broomway.[4]
A screw-pile lighthouse was built on the sands in 1838[5] by Messrs. Mitchel and Sons (sic- more often Mitchell and Sons) on the recommendation of James Walker of Trinity House. It was the first screwpile lighthouse ever to be designed. Although construction of the Maplin Sands Light had started before, the Wyre Light (Fleetwood) was completed first, as it was built in a much shorter period of time.[6] Excessive scouring of the Thames by the strength and direction of the tidal streams caused the lighthouse to become undermined and it was completely swept away in 1932.[7]
In the later part of the 19th century John I. Thornycroft & Company and Yarrow Shipbuilders used the sands for the measured mile speed trials of their destroyers.[9] The shallow waters resulted in a flow of water that could add up to a knot to the ship's speed.[9] When the Admiralty found out they required that all future trials be carried out in deep water.[9]
Following the report of the 1968 Roskill Commission, in 1973 plans were proposed and approved for a third airport for London, the Thames Estuary Airport, but were abandoned in 1974 in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis. The project would also have included a deep-water harbour suitable for the container ships then coming into use, a high-speed rail link to London, and a new town for the accommodation of the thousands of workers who would be required.[10]
The Maplin Sands were at that time, and remain, a military testing ground belonging to the Ministry of Defence, as is Foulness Island.[4]
See also
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]References
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]External links
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Koordinaten fehlen! Hilf mit.
[[Category:Nature Conservation Review sites]] [[Category:Coastal environment of Essex]] [[Category:Sandbanks of the North Sea]] [[Category:Landforms of England]] [[Category:Shoals of the United Kingdom]]
- ↑ Essex Estuaries Site details. JNCC, abgerufen am 15. Dezember 2016.
- ↑ Crouch (River) inc Burnham and Fambridge at visitmyharbour.com, accessed 1 April 2018
- ↑ Prostar Sailing Directions 2006 North Sea Enroute. Tenth Auflage. 2006, ISBN 978-1-57785-754-9, S. 89 (google.com [abgerufen am 29. März 2018]).
- ↑ a b Robert Macfarlane: This desolate English path has killed more than 100 people, BBC, 11 January 2017. Abgerufen im 12 January 2017
- ↑ Vorlage:Citation
- ↑ Tomlinson (Hrsg.): Tomlinson's Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts. Virtue & Co., London, 177 (archive.org).
- ↑ Maplin Lighthouse at mycetes.co.uk, accessed 11 March 2018
- ↑ José Eugenio Ribera: Puentes de hierro económicos, muelles y faros sobre palizadas y pilotes mecánicos Economic iron bridges, piers and lighthouses on palisades and mechanical piles. Librería Editorial de Bailly-Bailliere e Hijos, Madrid 1895, S. 299 (Lámina XIII) (us.es).
- ↑ a b c Antony Preston: The World's Worst Warships. Conway Maritime Press, 2002, ISBN 0-85177-754-6, S. 14.
- ↑ Duncan Needham: Maplin: the Treasury and London's third airport in the 1970s. In: History & Policy. History & Policy, 27. Oktober 2014, abgerufen am 27. Juli 2016.