English: An umbrella antenna, a monopole antenna used for LF transmitting, at the longwave wireless telegraphy station of the Amalgamated Radiotelegraphic Co. at Cullarcoats, on the Northumberland coast near Newcastle, England in 1910. It consists of a 220 ft wooden lattice tower with two wires running from the transmitter in the building to the top, connected at the top to 24 bronze wires extending radially from the mast on a diagonal, attached to ropes which are anchored to the ground on a circle 220 ft in radius. The vertical wires served as an electrically short quarter-wave monopole antenna while the radial wires served as a capacitive "top hat" to increase the current in the vertical radiators. The other side of the transmitter was connected to a ground (Earth) system consisting of buried cables radiating from the base of the mast. It transmitted with both a spark gap transmitter and a Poulsen arc transmitter on a frequency of 200 kHz.