Noma (Krankheit)

{ { Template: Infobox ICD | 01 -CODE = A69.0 | 01 - NUMBER = Necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis -
- Noma
- Gangrenous stomatitis } }

Noma (also gangrenous stomatitis , cheek fire , water cancer ) is a severe bacteria disease that is on the [ [ mouth ]] develops and] from there , starting soft and other [[ bone ] parts of [[ face] ] s erodes . According to estimates of [ [World Health Organization | WHO] ] die annually 80000-90000 children at this [ [disease ]]. Due to the peculiarity of this disease , there is still no reliable surveys. In the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo | Democratic Republic of Congo] ] ( about 64 million inhabitants) , for example, there is still no investigation into prevalence .

signs and symptoms

Noma is a [ [ bacteria | bacteria ]] disease resulting in the destruction of mouth , [ [ face] ] and [ [ bone ]].

There are four stages:

Step 1: Bleeding gums and [ [ halitosis ]]. Bluish knots hard on the [ [ mouth ]] , which inflammation ] ] and oral mucosa , [ [ cheek and [ [ lip ]] s spreading.

Step 2 : The inflamed parts of [[ face] ] s swell. The affected area becomes thick and hard. fever and [ [ pain ]] s occur. To the affected area is formed [[ pus ] ] and smell is intolerable.

Step 3 : The [ [ swelling ]] developed for tissue decomposition . The affected area is formed to a black zone, which is edged with a whitish line , which displays the following tissue loss. This phase is accompanied by fever , [ [ diarrhea | diarrhea ]] and the deterioration of general condition .

Noma (drawing by Robert Froriep ) 1836

' Step 4: 'This is the main phase of the Noma. The general condition of the patient has very deteriorated. The tissue loss has lip , cheek, bone orbit , sometimes even attacked all parts of the face together .

Noma through to [ [ mutilation ] ] en scars , which burden the child all his life and citizenship. This often leads to [[ social ] ] he [[ exclusion ] ] from the village community, the [ [ rejection ]] and [ [ orphan | orphanhood ]] of the children who are often excluded from play with other children. Children with noma are not on the road and do not report themselves mostly by himself in the [ [hospital ]] , but live " hidden " for fear of discrimination .

Causes

Noma usually affects [ [children ] he ] in [ [ developing country | developing countries ]] , where the immune system by [ [ malnutrition ] ], medical history (eg [ [ measles ]] , [ [ Mumps ]] rubella , [ [ meningitis ]]) and / or lack of ( oral ) [[ health ] ] is already weakened. Precursor of the deadly disease to 70-90 % is a [ [ necrosis | Necrotizing ]] Ulcerative gingivitis ( NUG ). In [ [ Niger ]] will be 14 per 100,000 sufferers counted [ http://www.nomahilfe.de/ ]. Also in the [[concentration camp | camps ] ] of [ [Time of National Socialism | Third Reich ] ], there were a number of disease cases.

Is triggered by the disease bacteria how [ [ Fusobacterium ]] , [ [ spirochete ]] , [ [ Borrelia ]] , [ [ Pseudomonas | Pseudomonas ]] and [ [ Enterococcus ]].

Most affected are children under six years. This age range corresponds to the period between the [ [ milk ]] weaning and the [ [ teeth | penetration of the teeth ]]. With cessation of breast milk is the mother Immunabdeckung set and just the [ [ bite ]] alternately interrupted so desperately needed safe care. The children are forced to participate from that date at the common meals.

The vulnerable target for Noma , however, is in the socially disadvantaged to fully find poor families where regular meals are not customary or not enough [ [ food ]] is available ( such as in developing countries). Due to the prolonged hunger or [ [ malnutrition | miscarriage ]] or malnutrition ( eg [ [ protein deficiency ]]) , the immune system is weakened. Especially striking here are the lack of protein , [ [ vitamins ]] n and electrolyte en.

== == consequences and complications The consequences of Noma can be devastating , for example:

• Destruction of [ [ tissue (biology ) | tissue ] ] in the field of [[ face] ] s and the [ [ mouth ] ], by difficulties in eating , drinking, talking and breathing
• [ [ fever ]]
• [ [ pain ]]
• deterioration of general condition
• scars on the face, by severe impairment of the appearance
• [ [blood poisoning ] ], which can lead to the death

Those affected suffer not only to [ [ body ( biology) | body ]] symptom s , but also for example to [ [ Psyche | psychic ]] problems :

• Strong deterioration of the appearance of the scars
• [ [ discrimination ]] because of the distortions
• [ [Social Isolation ]] and [ [ lonely ]]
• Children with noma are cast in part from their families really ] ] and possible [ [ Orphans | Orphans ] ] this is [ [ neglect

Treatment

Step 1: suffice at this stage for the local treatment antiseptic mouth rinses , a [ [ food ]] sverbesserung or changeover , in particular the supply of [ [ vitamin ]] s and proteins.

Step 2 : This phase forces to the [ [treatment | therapy ]] treat swabs for the determination of this bacteria accumulation , treatment with [ [ antibiotic | antibiotics ]] combined preparation and maintenance of the mouth rinses ( Metronidazole and chlorhexidine ).

Step 3 : This phase makes the immediate [[Artificial nutrition | Noternährung ] ], which feed by liquid , and the adjustment of the [ [ electrolyte ]] budget. In this phase, Noma is still controlled by the strategic use of antibiotics (in conjunction with [ [ nutrition] ] sverbesserung ). For the treatment of Noma this level is crucial and very dangerous, since most lack the [ [drug ]] s (in developing countries ). The urgent admission to [ [hospital ] ] may be due to missing or inaccessible roads usually not guaranteed, so that emergency care is often too late. As a result, triggers the [[ tumor ] ] of facial bones and sometimes the bone itself

Step 4: In this stage, the death rate is very high. The children die of [ [blood poisoning ]]. After successful treatment is where the scarring. Due to the shrinkage of the soft and [ [ bone ]] share this leads in most cases [[Kiefer ( anatomy ) | lockjaw ] ], so that the subsequent oral nutrition] ] excluded. The previously not overtaken at [ [blood poisoning deceased children this fate then ] by [ [ starvation ]] and [ [ dehydration ]. A more dangerous situation arises when vomiting of the children, because of the risk to the vomit to [ [ suffocation | choke ]]. The earlier these children can be detected and treated, to save the better the chances of success , these children from certain death . Although in noma is almost always the talk of children , this is not exclusively the case. The described Noma promotional reasons also apply to adults , but it is not very often , as the immune system is usually equipped with the advanced age a little stronger, in contrast to milk weaning phase. Play different but with similar factors : the combination of the life situation ( eg [ [stress ]] [[ war] ] , loss of breadwinner ) , previous infection s , [ [ malnutrition ] ] and lack of hygiene conditions .

External links

• http://www.hilfsaktionnoma.de
• Gegen Noma e.V. Das Gesicht der Armut
• YouTube Bewusstsein Anzeige für Noma "Schon €10 können ein Leben retten"

Sources

• http://www.zm-online.de/m5a.htm?/zm/4_02/pages2/zmed1.htm
• http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001342.htm
• http://www.noma-hilfe.ch

References

{ { } } Note Health

[ [Category : Bacterial infection of man ]] [ [fr : Noma ( maladie )]] [ [it: stomatit cancrenosa ]]