„Coywolf“ – Versionsunterschied
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==Hybridizations between southern coyotes and Mexican Grey wolves== |
==Hybridizations between southern coyotes and Mexican Grey wolves== |
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In an evolutionary biology research conducted by a team of researchers in the Uppsala University, analysis of control region haplotypes of the mitochondrial DNA and sex chromosomes from Mexican wolves, a critically endangered subspecies of the grey wolf once nearly driven to extinction in the wild, confirmed the presence of coyote markers in some of the wolves. <ref>http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0003333</ref> The study suggests that at some point in time, female coyotes managed to mate with some of the male wolves of the remnant wild Mexican wolf populations. Analysis on the haplotype of some coyotes from Texas also detected the presence of male wolf introgression such as Y chromosomes from the grey wolves in the southern coyotes. In one cryptology investigation on a corpse of what was initially labelled as a chupacabra, examinations conducted by the UC Davis team and the Texas State University concluded based on the sex chromosomes that the male animal was in fact another coyote and wolf hybrid sired by a male Mexican wolf. <ref>http://www.kens5.com/news/in-depth/chasing-el-chupacabra/UC-Davis-team-says-chupacabra-is-likely-coyote-wolf-mix--85788362.html</ref> As of most recent research, the Mexican wolves may be the only grey wolf subspecies in the southern States besides the domestic dogs to have hybridized with coyotes. |
In an evolutionary biology research conducted by a team of researchers in the Uppsala University, analysis of control region haplotypes of the mitochondrial DNA and sex chromosomes from Mexican wolves, a critically endangered subspecies of the grey wolf once nearly driven to extinction in the wild, confirmed the presence of coyote markers in some of the wolves. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0003333 |title=Hybridization among Three Native North American Canis Species in a Region of Natural Sympatry |publisher=Plos One |date= |accessdate=2013-08-01}}</ref> The study suggests that at some point in time, female coyotes managed to mate with some of the male wolves of the remnant wild Mexican wolf populations. Analysis on the haplotype of some coyotes from Texas also detected the presence of male wolf introgression such as Y chromosomes from the grey wolves in the southern coyotes. In one cryptology investigation on a corpse of what was initially labelled as a chupacabra, examinations conducted by the UC Davis team and the Texas State University concluded based on the sex chromosomes that the male animal was in fact another coyote and wolf hybrid sired by a male Mexican wolf. <ref>[http://www.kens5.com/news/in-depth/chasing-el-chupacabra/UC-Davis-team-says-chupacabra-is-likely-coyote-wolf-mix--85788362.html ]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref> As of most recent research, the Mexican wolves may be the only grey wolf subspecies in the southern States besides the domestic dogs to have hybridized with coyotes. |
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==Behavior== |
==Behavior== |
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Coywolves have the wolf characteristics of pack hunting and the coyote characteristic of lack of fear of human-developed areas. They seem to be bolder and more intelligent than regular coyotes.<ref>{{cite web |
Coywolves have the wolf characteristics of pack hunting and the coyote characteristic of lack of fear of human-developed areas. They seem to be bolder and more intelligent than regular coyotes.<ref>{{cite web |
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Version vom 1. August 2013, 21:46 Uhr
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Coywolves are canid hybrids of wolves and coyotes. They have recently become common in eastern North America, where they have been considered eastern coyotes, eastern wolves, or red wolves.
Eastern coyotes
Many eastern coyotes (Canis latrans "var.") are coywolves, a canid hybrid, which despite having a majority of coyote (Canis latrans) ancestry, also descend from wolves, either the gray wolf (Canis lupus) or the red wolf (Canis lupus rufus, formerly Canis rufus). They come from a constantly evolving gene pool and are viewed by some scientists as an emerging species.[1] The genetic composition of these animals is debated among scientists.[2][3]
A study showed that of 100 coyotes collected in Maine, 22 had half or more grey wolf ancestry, and one was 89 percent grey wolf. A theory has been proposed that the large eastern "coyotes" in Canada are actually hybrids of the smaller western coyotes and grey wolves that met and mated decades ago as the coyotes moved toward New England from their earlier western ranges.[4]
The red wolf
The red wolf is a subspecies of the grey wolf. Strong evidence for hybridization was found through genetic testing which showed that red wolves have only 5% of their alleles unique from either gray wolves or coyotes. Genetic distance calculations have indicated that red wolves are intermediate between coyotes and grey wolves, and that they bear great similarity to wolf–coyote hybrids in southern Quebec and Minnesota. Analyses of mitochondrial DNA showed that existing red-wolf populations are predominantly coyote in origin.[5] However, other scientific evidence may point to the species being evolved from a common ancestor of the Coyote and Eastern Wolf which would explain a similar DNA.[6]
Eastern coyotes in Ontario
On 31 March 2010, a presentation by Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources research scientist Brent Patterson outlined key findings that most coyotes in Eastern Ontario are wolf-coyote hybrids and the Eastern wolves in Algonquin Park are, in general, not inter-breeding with coyotes.[7]
Hybridizations between southern coyotes and Mexican Grey wolves
In an evolutionary biology research conducted by a team of researchers in the Uppsala University, analysis of control region haplotypes of the mitochondrial DNA and sex chromosomes from Mexican wolves, a critically endangered subspecies of the grey wolf once nearly driven to extinction in the wild, confirmed the presence of coyote markers in some of the wolves. [8] The study suggests that at some point in time, female coyotes managed to mate with some of the male wolves of the remnant wild Mexican wolf populations. Analysis on the haplotype of some coyotes from Texas also detected the presence of male wolf introgression such as Y chromosomes from the grey wolves in the southern coyotes. In one cryptology investigation on a corpse of what was initially labelled as a chupacabra, examinations conducted by the UC Davis team and the Texas State University concluded based on the sex chromosomes that the male animal was in fact another coyote and wolf hybrid sired by a male Mexican wolf. [9] As of most recent research, the Mexican wolves may be the only grey wolf subspecies in the southern States besides the domestic dogs to have hybridized with coyotes.
Behavior
Coywolves have the wolf characteristics of pack hunting and the coyote characteristic of lack of fear of human-developed areas. They seem to be bolder and more intelligent than regular coyotes.[10]
See also
- Taylor Mitchell, a victim of a fatal coyote or coywolf attack
References
External links
- The complicated science of studying coyotes and hybrid species: Mysteries That Howl and Hunt
- Interbreeding Threatens Rare Species, Experts Say
- Eastern Coyote/Coywolf Research http://www.easterncoyoteresearch.com/
- Jonathan Way's Eastern Coyote Webpage https://www2.bc.edu/~wayjo/
- ↑ Carola Vyhnak: Meet the coywolf In: Toronto Star, Aug 15 2009. Abgerufen im 21 April 2011
- ↑ Steven M. Chambers: A Perspective on the Genetic Composition of Eastern Coyotes. In: Northeastern Naturalist. Juni 2010, S. 205–210, doi:10.1656/045.017.0203 (bioone.org [abgerufen am 21. April 2011]).
- ↑ Sharon Oosthoek: The decline, fall and return of the red wolf. In: New Scientist. Reed Business Information, 23. Februar 2008, abgerufen am 1. Februar 2010.
- ↑ David Zimmerman: Eastern Coyotes Are Becoming Coywolves. Caledonian-Record, abgerufen am 1. Februar 2010.
- ↑ The red wolf (Canis rufus) – hybrid or not? (PDF) Montana State University, abgerufen am 1. Februar 2010.
- ↑ Philip Lee: North America's Lone Wolf Unmasked. In: The Ottawa Citizen. Abgerufen am 6. September 2012.
- ↑ Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society - Eastern Wolf
- ↑ Hybridization among Three Native North American Canis Species in a Region of Natural Sympatry. Plos One, abgerufen am 1. August 2013.
- ↑ [1] (Seite nicht mehr abrufbar, festgestellt im August 2013.)
- ↑ Vyhnak Carola: Meet the coywolf. In: Toronto Star. Torstar, 15. August 2009, abgerufen am 1. Februar 2010.