Benutzer:Arcomelo/Oktavregelvarianten

Antizipation[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\version "2.14.2" \header { tagline = ##f } upper = \relative c' { \key e \minor \time 2/2 \tempo 2 = 54 s2. b8. b'16 b2. c4 b2. c4 b2. c4 b2. bes4 a2. b4 a2. b4 a2. b8. a16 a2. gis4 ~ gis a8 b d c e, a fis2. a4 fis2 } lower = \relative c { \clef bass \key e \minor \time 2/2 s2. r4 <g' b e>8 <g b e> <g b e> <g b e> <g b e> <g b e> <g b e> <g b e> % Takt 1 <fis a e'> <fis a e'> <fis a e'> <fis a e'> <fis a es'> <fis a es'> <fis a es'> <fis a es'> % Takt 2 <f a es'> <f a es'> <f a es'> <f a es'> <f a d> <f a d> <f gis d'> <f gis d'> % Takt 3 <e gis d'> <e gis d'> <e gis d'> <e gis d'> <e g d'> <e g d'> <e g cis> <e g cis> % Takt 4 <e g c> <e g c> <e g c> <e g c> <e fis! c'> <e fis c'> <e fis c'> <e fis c'> % Takt 5 <e fis c'> <e fis c'> <e fis c'> <e fis c'> <dis fis c'> <dis fis c'> <dis fis c'> <dis fis c'> % Takt 6 <d fis c'> <d fis c'> <d fis c'> <d fis c'> <d fis c'> <d fis c'> <d fis c'> <d fis c'> % Takt 7 <d f c'> <d f c'> <d f c'> <d f c'> <d f b> <d f b> <d f b> <d f b> % Takt 8 <c e b'> <c e b'> <c e a> <c e a> <c e a> <c e a> <c e a> <c e a> % Takt 9 <c e a> <c e a> <c e a> <c e a> % Takt 10 } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

$\version "2.14.2" \header { tagline = ##f } upper = \relative c'' { \key g \major \time 4/4 \tempo 2 = 54 << { \voiceOne s2. c4 b2 a4. \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red g8 g1 \bar "||" } \new Voice { \voiceTwo s2. g4 g2 fis d1 } >> } lower = \relative c' { \clef bass \key g \major \time 4/4 << { \voiceOne s2. c4 d1 b } \new Voice { \voiceTwo s2. e,4 d1 g } >> } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

Auffassungsdissonanz[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\version "2.14.2" \header { tagline = ##f } upper = \relative c' { \key c \minor \time 3/4 \tempo 8 = 88 << { \voiceOne \partial 4 <c es>8. es16 <d f>4->( ) es8. es16 <d f>4->( ) es8. es16 as8^.( as^.) <d, \tweak color #red g>4.( f8) <d f>4( <es g>) \bar "||" } \new Voice { \voiceTwo s2. c4 s2 c4 c } >> } lower = \relative c { \clef bass \key c \minor << { \voiceOne s4 as'( g) g as( g) g s2. as4( g) \bar "||" } \new Voice { \voiceTwo <c, g'>4 c2 c4 c2 c4 f bes <bes, as'> es2 } >> } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower \figures { <_>1 <_>1 <6> } >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

$\version "2.14.2" \header { tagline = ##f } upper = \relative c' { \key f \minor \tempo 8 = 72 << { \voiceOne r8^"a)" f ( \tweak color #red as_"3" g_"2") r g ( \tweak color #red bes_"5" a_"ü4") \bar "||" as4^"b)" ~ as8 g bes4 ~ bes8 a \bar "||" as4^"c)" g bes a \bar "||" } \new Voice { \voiceTwo s1 c,4 bes des c <c f> <bes des> <des g> <c f> } >> } lower = \relative c, { \clef bass \key f \minor f4 f' e es \bar "||" f, f' e es \bar "||" f, f' e es \bar "||" } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower \figures { \bassFigureExtendersOn s1 s4 <6 4 3>8 <6 4 2> <7>4 <6\! 5\! 2>8 <6 4! 2> \bassFigureExtendersOff s4 <6 4 2> <7> <6 4! 2> } >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

Cadenza doppia[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new PianoStaff << << % wegen Generalbass \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 4 = 160 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t << \new Voice = "first" \relative c'' { \voiceOne d4 e d2 c1 \bar "||" s2. f4 ~ f e d2 c1 \bar "||" b4 c2 b4 c1 d4 c d2 c1 \bar "||" b4 c2 b4 c1 \bar "||" } \new Voice = "second" \relative c'' { \voiceTwo b4 c2 b4 c1 \bar "||" s1 b4 c2 b4 c1 \bar "||" d,4 c d2 c1 \bar "||" b'4 c2 b4 c1 \bar "||" d,4 es d2 e!1 } >> >> \new Staff << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \clef "bass" \relative c' { g1 c s g c, g'4 a f g c,1 d4 e f g c,1 g'4 fis g2 c,1} >> >> \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { <5 3>4 <6 4> <5 4> <5 3> <_>1 <_> <7>4 <6 4> <5 4> <5 3> <_>1 <_>4 <_> <6 5> <_> <_>1 <6>4 <6> <6 5> <_> <_>1 <_>4 <7-> <5 4> <5 3> } } >> % wegen Generalbass$

Mondschein[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\version "2.14.2" \header {tagline = ##f} upper = \relative c' { \clef treble \key cis \minor \time 2/2 \tempo 8 = 100 \set Timing.beamExceptions = #'() \set Timing.baseMoment = #(ly:make-moment 1/4) \set Timing.beatStructure = 1,1,1,1 { \tupletSpan 4 \tuplet 3/2 { gis8 cis e gis, cis e gis, cis e gis, cis e gis, cis e gis, cis e gis, cis e gis, cis e a,( cis e a, cis e) a,( d fis a, d fis) gis,( \tweak NoteHead.color #red bis fis' gis, \tweak NoteHead.color #red cis e gis, \tweak NoteHead.color #red cis dis fis, \tweak NoteHead.color #red bis dis) e,( gis \tweak NoteHead.color #red cis) gis (cis e) gis, (cis e) s4 \once \override Score.BarLine.break-visibility = #'#(#f #t #t) } } } lower = \relative c { \clef bass \key cis \minor { <cis cis,>1 <a a,>2 <fis fis,> <gis gis,> <gis gis,> <cis gis cis,>1 \once \override Score.BarLine.break-visibility = #'#(#f #t #t) } } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower \new FiguredBass {\figuremode { r1 r r <7 _+>4 <6 4> <5 4> <_+>} } >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

Charakteristische Dissonanz[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new Staff { \time 3/1 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c' { <\tweak color #red f a c>1_"S"^"a)" <c' e g>_"T" <g' b d \tweak color #red f>_"D" \bar "||" <f, a c \tweak color #red d>_"S"^"b)" <c' e g>_"T" <g' b \tweak color #red d>_"D" \bar "||" \time 4/1 <d, f a \tweak color #red b>_"°S"^"c)" <a' c e>_"°T" <e' g \tweak color #red b>_"°D" <\tweak color #red e gis b>_"D+" \bar "||" \time 3/1 <f, as c \tweak color #red d>_"°S"^"d)" <c' e g>_"T" <g' b \tweak color #red d>_"D" \bar "||" <\tweak color #red d, f a>_"°S"^"e)" <a' c e>_"°T" <e' g b \tweak color #red d>_"°D" \bar "||" } }$

$\new PianoStaff << << % wegen Generalbass \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 4 = 160 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t << \new Voice = "first" \relative c'' { \voiceOne s2 c ~ c b \bar "||" } \new Voice = "second" \relative c' { \voiceTwo s1 d2 d } >> >> \new Staff << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \clef "bass" \relative c { s1 f2 g } >> >> \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { <_>1 <6 5> } } >> % wegen Generalbass$

Diminution[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Diminution (von lateinisch deminutio ‚Verkleinerung‘) bezeichnet in der Musik verschiedene Sachverhalte:

die Wiederholung eines Motivs oder Themas in Notenwerten, die um einen bestimmten Faktor verkleinert (z. B. halbiert) sind. Werden die Notenwerte des Motivs oder Themas vergrößert, spricht man von Augmentation.
das Auszieren einer ein- oder mehrstimmigen Vorlage durch Umspielung der Töne, Ausfüllung von Sprüngen und anderen Techniken, die mit einer Verkleinerung der ursprünglichen Notenwerten einhergehen.

Diminution kann auch die Intervallstruktur eines Stücks betreffen; dann werden Tonsprünge in einer Melodie verkleinert. Auch hier heißt das gegensätzliche Verfahren Augmentation.

, die mit Verkleinerung des Zeitwerts der Noten arbeitet. Beim Diminuieren einer Melodie werden die gegebenen Noten zu Notengruppen mit halben, geviertelten oder anderweitig unterteilten Notenwerten. In jeder dieser Notengruppen taucht der ursprüngliche Ton in der Regel (aber nicht immer) wenigstens einmal auf, während die anderen Tonhöhen dazu erfunden werden. Als Ergebnis entsteht eine Melodielinie, die wie eine Umspielung der Originalmelodie in schnelleren Tönen wirkt. Die Diminution wurde in der Musik des 17. Jahrhunderts zu einem beliebten Mittel der improvisierten Variation. Sie betrifft die musikalischen Parameter Rhythmus und Melodie. Eine Form, die sich der Diminution bedient, ist das Double.

Diminution als[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Italienische Quellen[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Spanische Quellen[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Diego Ortiz: Trattado de Glosas (1553).

Englische Quellen[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Deutsche Quellen[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Niederländische Quellen[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Jacob van Eyck, Der Fluyten Lust-hof (Amsterdam, 1646) is a huge collection of diminutions.^[1]Vorlage:Failed verification

Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck: Fantasia in a-phrygisch

$\version "2.14.2" \new Staff { \key f \major \time 4/4 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 4 = 112 \relative c'' { << { \voiceOne a1 a2 a g bes a c b bes a1 r2 f g2. a4 bes c d2 ~ d4 c c bes8 a bes2 a \bar "||" \set Score.currentBarNumber = #234 r2 e' e4 e d f e g fis f e d \bar "||" } \new Voice { \voiceTwo r1 r r r r d, d2 d c es d f e es d2. s4 s2 r4 a16 bes c d e f g8 c,16 d e f g a bes8 d,16 e f g a bes c8 e,16 f g a b c d8 d,16 e f g a32 g a g a g fis e g } >> } }$

Dualismus[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new Staff { \clef bass \time 6/1 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c, { c1 c' g' \clef treble c e g } }$

$\new Staff { \time 6/1 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c''' { e1 e, a, e c a } }$

Durchgangsakkord[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \key e \minor \time 2/2 \tempo 2 = 54 \relative c' { \partial 4 b8. b'16 b2. c4 b2. c4 b2. c4 b2. bes4 a2. b!4 } >> \new Staff << \clef "bass" \key e \minor \time 2/2 \relative c { r4 <g' b e>8 <g b e> <g b e> <g b e> <g b e> <g b e> <g b e> <g b e> % Takt 1 <fis a e'> <fis a e'> <fis a e'> <fis a e'> <fis a es'> <fis a es'> <fis a es'> <fis a es'> % Takt 2 <f a es'> <f a es'> <f a es'> <f a es'> <f a d> <f a d> <f gis d'> <f gis d'> % Takt 3 <e gis d'> <e gis d'> <e gis d'> <e gis d'> <e g d'> <e g d'> <e g cis> <e g cis> % Takt 4 <e g c!> <e g c> <e g c> <e g c> <e fis! c'> <e fis c'> <e fis c'> <e fis c'> % Takt 5 } \addlyrics { I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ IV } >> >>$

$\version "2.14.2" \header {tagline = ##f} upper = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key c \major \time 4/4 \tempo 2 = 80 << { \voiceOne f1 <g, e'>2 <g d'> ~ <f d'> <fis c'> b1 \bar "||" } \new Voice { \voiceTwo b2 a s1 s g2 f } >> } lower = \relative c { \clef bass << { \voiceOne s1 s d' } \new Voice { \voiceTwo <g, d'>2 <a c> <ais cis> ~ a as <g d'>1 } >> } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower \new FiguredBass {\figuremode { } } >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

$\version "2.14.2" \header {tagline = ##f} upper = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key c \major \time 4/4 \tempo 4 = 100 << { \voiceOne c1 \bar "||" <g c>2 <f b>4 <e a> <d g>1 \bar "||" } \new Voice { \voiceTwo <e g>4 <d f> <c g'>2 \bar "||" e2 d4 c b1 \bar "||" } >> } lower = \relative c { \clef bass { c4 d e2 \bar "||" c2 d4 e f1 \bar "||" } } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower \new FiguredBass {\figuremode { r4 <7>4 <6>2 r2 <6>4 <6 4> <2>1} } >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

Durchgangsnote[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new ChoirStaff << \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 2 = 88 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c'' { c2 \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red b4 a b2 e ~ e4 d c \tweak NoteHead.color #red b8 a b1 a \bar "||" } >> \new Staff << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \clef "bass" \relative c { a2 a' ~ a4 g \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red f e f2 a ~ a gis a1 } >> >>$

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 4 = 100 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c'' { e4. \tweak color #red d8 c \tweak color #red d e \tweak color #red f g g, \tweak color #red a \tweak color #red b c4 r4 \bar "||" } >> \new Staff << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \clef "bass" \relative c { <c e g>1 ~ <c e g>2. r4 } >> >>$

Fonte[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 2 = 58 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \set Score.currentBarNumber = #15 \relative c'' { s4. e8 e g16 f e8 e a g16 f e8 e bes' g16 f e8 e a ( cis,) d ( f,) g d' a, cis' d4 r8 d d f16 e d8 d g f16 e d8 d a' f16 e d8 d g ( b,) c ( e,) f c' g, b' c4 r8 \bar "||" } >> \new Staff << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \clef "bass" \relative c' { s4. r8 r e cis a r e' cis a r g cis, a r a' f d e f16 g a8 a, d d' f, d r d' b g r d' b g r f b, g r g' e c d e16 f g8 g, c e c } >> >>$

$\version "2.14.2" \header { tagline = ##f } upper = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key c \major \time 3/4 \tempo 4 = 120 \set Timing.beamExceptions = #'() \set Timing.baseMoment = #(ly:make-moment 1/4) \set Timing.beatStructure = #'(3) \repeat volta 2 { c4 e g g2 f4 e8 c f d c b c4 g2 e'4 e e fis8 a g fis g d c4 b a g2. } \repeat volta 2 { << { g'4 e8 cis a g' \tuplet 3/2 { f8 e d } d2 g4 d8 b g f' \tuplet 3/2 { e8 d c } c2 } \new Staff { \clef bass { cis,2.^"d-Moll" d b^"C-Dur" c } } >> c4 c' c b8 d c b c g f4 e d c2. } } \score { \new Staff = "upper" \upper \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

$\version "2.14.2" \header { tagline = ##f } upper = \relative c''' { \clef treble \key c \major \time 3/4 \tempo 4 = 120 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \set Timing.beamExceptions = #'() \set Timing.baseMoment = #(ly:make-moment 1/4) \set Timing.beatStructure = #'(3) g4. f8 e d \grace {d} cis2 bes'4 \grace {g8} a2 g4 \tuplet 3/2 { f8 e d } d4 r f4. es8 d c b2 as'4 \grace {as8} g2 f4 \tuplet 3/2 { es8 d c } c4 r } \score { \new Staff = "upper" \upper \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

Heterolepsis[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\version "2.14.2" \header { tagline = ##f } melody = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key b \minor \time 4/4 \tempo 2 = 54 r4 e cis4. cis8 ais4. ais8 fis2 ~ fis8 g16 fis e dis8. e4. dis8 dis1 \bar "||" } text = \lyricmode { O Je- su mi dul- cis -- _ _ _ _ _ si- me. } upper = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key b \minor << { \voiceOne b2 cis ais b ~ b <cis, fis ais> <dis fis b>1 } \new Voice { \voiceTwo g1 cis,2 d cis } >> } lower = \relative c { \clef bass \key b \minor e1 ~ e2 d fis1 b, } \score { << \new Voice = "mel" { \melody } \new Lyrics \lyricsto mel \text \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { s2 <6> <6 4+ 2> <6> <4> <_+> } } >> >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

Horngang[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\relative c' { \clef "treble_8" << { \voiceOne c d e d c2 } \new Voice { \voiceTwo e,4 g c g e2 } >> }$

Karussell[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new PianoStaff << << % wegen Generalbass \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 4 = 160 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t << \new Voice = "first" \relative c'' { \voiceOne s2 e d1 c b a g \bar "" } \new Voice = "second" \relative c' { \voiceTwo s2 c' ~ c b ~ b a ~ a g ~ g f ~ f e } >> >> \new Staff << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \clef "bass" \relative c { s e f g a c, d e f a, b c } >> >> \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { <_>2 <6> <6 5> <_> <9> <6> <6 5> <_> <9> <6> <6 5> <_> } } >> % wegen Generalbass$

$\new PianoStaff << << % wegen Generalbass \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 4 = 160 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t << \new Voice = "first" \relative c'' { \voiceOne s2 e d1 <c e,> bes <a c,> g \bar "" } \new Voice = "second" \relative c' { \voiceTwo s2 <c' g> ~ <c a> ~ <a> ~ <a f> <g c,> ~ <g> <f> ~ <f d> <e a,>} >> >> \new Staff << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \clef "bass" \relative c { s e fis gis a c, d e f a, b cis } >> >> \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { <_>2 <6> <6 5> <6 5> <9> <6> <6 5> <6 5> <9> <6> <6 5> <6 5> } } >> % wegen Generalbass$

Kontrapunkt[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \time 4/4 \tempo 4 = 96 \set Score.currentBarNumber = #49 \relative c' { \bar "" r1^"Alt" r8 e e e f16 g f e f g e f g a g f g a f g a8 bes16 a g f e d cis8 e a g f s4. \bar "||" \set Score.currentBarNumber = #64 s2 c'4.^"Sopran" c8 a4 d e,4. e8 f4 r8 f g4. f16 g a8 g16 a bes8 a16 bes c8 bes a g fis4 \bar "||" } \addlyrics { "3" _ _ "3" "4" "3" "2" } >> << \new Staff = "staff" { \new Voice = "bass" { \clef bass \relative c' { a4._"Bass" a8 f4 bes cis,4. cis8 d4 r8 d e4. d16 e f8 e16 f g8 f16 g a8 g f e d s4. \bar "||" s2 s2_"Bass" s2 r8 c c c d16 e d c d e c d e f e d e f d e f8 g16 f e d c bes a8 c f es d} } } \new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = "staff" } { \lyricsto "bass" { _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "10" _ _ "10" "9" "10" "11" } } >> >>$

$\new ChoirStaff << \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 2 = 88 \time 4/2 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \hide Staff.BarLine \set Score.skipBars = ##t \relative c'' { r2 f2. e4 d c b a g2 c a d2. e4 f g a2. g4 f2 e d cis1 d \undo \hide Staff.BarLine \bar "||" } >> \new Staff << \clef "bass" \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \hide Staff.BarLine \relative c { d1 f g a bes a f g a \undo \hide Staff.BarLine d, } >> >>$

$\new ChoirStaff << \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 2 = 88 \time 4/2 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \hide Staff.BarLine \set Score.skipBars = ##t \relative c'' { r2 a2. g4 f e d c b2 e c f2. g4 a b c2. b4 a2 g f e1 fis \undo \hide Staff.BarLine \bar "||" } >> \new Staff << \clef "bass" \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \hide Staff.BarLine \relative c { d1 f g a bes a f g a \undo \hide Staff.BarLine d, } >> >>$

$\version "2.14.2" \header { tagline = ##f } upper = \relative c''' { \key c \minor \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \tempo 4 = 88 << { \voiceOne r8 \override NoteHead.color = #red \override Stem.color = #red \override Beam.color = #red \override Accidental.color = #red g16 fis g8 c, es g16 fis g8 a d, g16 fis g8 a c,16 d es4 d16 c bes8 } \new Voice { \voiceTwo s16 \override NoteHead.color = #blue \override Stem.color = #blue \override Beam.color = #blue \override Accidental.color = #blue c b a g f es d c8 es' d c bes a bes c fis, g a fis g4 } >> } \score { \new Staff = "upper" \upper \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

$\version "2.14.2" \header { tagline = ##f } upper = \relative c'' { \clef treble \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \key c \minor \tempo 4 = 88 << { \voiceOne \override NoteHead.color = #blue \override Stem.color = #blue \override Beam.color = #blue \override Accidental.color = #blue f8 es16 d c bes as g f8 as' g f es d es f b, c d b c } \new Voice { \voiceTwo c4 r r8 f es d r as g f g f16 es f8 d g4 } >> } lower = \relative c' { \clef bass \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \key c \minor { \voiceOne r8 \override NoteHead.color = #red \override Stem.color = #red \override Beam.color = #red \override Accidental.color = #red c16 b c8 g as c16 b c8 d g, c16 b c8 d f,16 g as4 g16 f es } } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

$\new ChoirStaff << \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 2 = 88 \time 2/2 \set Score.skipBars = ##t \relative c' { d1^"Cantus firmus" f e d g f a g f e \override NoteHead.style = #'baroque d\breve \bar "||" } >> \new Staff << \clef "bass" \relative c { d1 d' g, g b a f c' a g \override NoteHead.style = #'baroque fis\breve } >> \new Staff << \clef "bass" \relative c { r1 r2 d ~ d c ~ c b ~ b e ~ e d ~ d f ~ f e ~ e d ~ d cis \override NoteHead.style = #'baroque d\breve } >> >>$

$\version "2.14.2" \header { tagline = ##f } upper = \relative c' { \set Score.skipBars = ##t \autoBeamOff \time 2/2 \override Staff.TimeSignature.style = #'mensural \tempo 2 = 54 { d1 c f e d c e fis g g d e d cis \override NoteHead.style = #'baroque d\longa \bar "||" } } lower = \relative c' { \clef bass \time 2/2 \override Staff.TimeSignature.style = #'mensural { g1 a d, g d a' a a g c, g' e f e \override NoteHead.style = #'baroque d\longa } } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

Louis, halb freier Vorhalt[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 4 = 160 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t << \new Voice = "first" \relative c'' { \voiceOne s2 c^"a)" ~ \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red c b \bar "||" s2 f' ~ \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red f e \bar "||" s2 f^"b)" \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red e d \bar "||" s2 <gis, e b> a1 \bar "||" s2 <g, c e>^"c)" 1 \bar "||" } \new Voice = "second" \relative c' { \voiceTwo s2 <f a> <d g>1 s2 <a' d> <a c>1 s2 <a c> <g b>1 s1 <\tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red d \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red f>2 <c e> s1 \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red e2 d } >> >> \new Staff << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \clef "bass" \relative c { s2 f g1 s2 d' a1 s2 f g1 s2 e a,1 s2 c g1 } >> >>$

Mozart-Quinten[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 4 = 90 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c'' { \voiceOne s4 b2 c4 \bar "||" } \new Voice { \voiceTwo s4 f'2 e'4 } >> \new Staff << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \clef "bass" \relative c { \voiceOne s4 \override NoteHead.color = #red \override Stem.color = #red \override Accidental.color = #red as'2 g4 } \new Voice { \voiceTwo s4 \override NoteHead.color = #red \override Stem.color = #red \override Accidental.color = #red des2 c4 } >> >>$

Oettingen[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$<< \new Staff \with { instrumentName = \markup { \column { \right-align {"phonischer" "Oberton"} } } } << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 4 = 100 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c'''' { \ottava #2 b'1 \bar "||" \ottava #1 g \bar "||" } >> \new Staff << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c' { <c e g>1_\markup { c+ } <c es g>1_"g°" } >> \new Staff \with { instrumentName = \markup { \column { \right-align {"tonischer" "Grundton"} } } } << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \clef "bass" \relative c, { c1 \ottava #-1 as,} >> >> \layout { indent = 2.2\cm }$

Oktavregel[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Unbeziffert[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new Staff { \key g \major \new Voice = "right" { \relative c' { \clef "bass" g c b fis g e d cis d fis g a d,2 r2 \bar "||" } } }$

Analyse[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff { \key g \major \new Voice = "right" { \relative c' { \clef "bass" g c b fis g e d cis d fis g a d,2 r2 \bar "||" } \addlyrics { \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "G-Dur: 1" "4" "3" "7" "1" "6" "5" } \addlyrics { _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "D-Dur: 7" "1" "3" "4" "5" "1" } } } >>$

Beziffert[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff { \key g \major \new Voice = "right" { \relative c' { \clef "bass" g c b fis g e d cis d fis g a d,2 r2 \bar "||" } \addlyrics { \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "G-Dur: 1" "4" "3" "7" "1" "6" "5" } \addlyrics { _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "D-Dur: 7" "1" "3" "4" "5" "1" } } } \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { s4 <2> <6> <6 5> s <6+> s <6 5> s <6> <6 5> <_+> s2 } } >>$

Realisiert[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff { \key g \major \relative c'' { \clef treble 4 <a fis d> <d g, d> <c a d,> <cis g e> <d a fis> <g e a,> <fis d a> <a d, a> <e d b> <e cis a> <d a fis>2 r2 \bar "||" } } \new Staff { \key g \major \new Voice = "right" { \relative c' { \clef "bass" g4 c b fis g e d cis d fis g a d,2 r2 \bar "||" } \addlyrics { \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "G-Dur: 1" "4" "3" "7" "1" "6" "5" } \addlyrics { _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "D-Dur: 7" "1" "3" "4" "5" "1" } } } \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { s4 <2> <6> <6 5> s <6+> s <6 5> s <6> <6 5> <_+> s2 } } >>$

Oktavregel lang[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Anhand dieser Basslinie soll gezeigt werden, wie die Oktavregel angewendet wird:

$\new Staff { \key g \major \new Voice = "right" { \relative c' { \clef "bass" g4 c b fis g e d cis d fis g a d,2 r4 g fis ais b d, e fis g f e b c d g,2 r \bar "||" } } }$

Um die Oktavregel auf einen solchen Bass anzuwenden, muss jede Note der Basslinie einer Dur- oder Molltonart zugeordnet werden. So wird festgehalten, welche Tonleiterstufe jeweils vorliegt. Hierbei sind unter Umständen verschiedene Deutungsmöglichkeiten denkbar. So könnte z. B. das d am Ende von T. 5 „noch“ in h-Moll verstanden werden und wäre dann eine 3. statt einer 5. Stufe.

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff { \key g \major \new Voice = "right" { \relative c' { \clef "bass" g4 c b fis g e d cis d fis g a d,2 r4 g fis ais b d, e fis g f e b c d g,2 r \bar "||" } \addlyrics { \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "G-Dur: 1" "4" "3" "7" "1" "6" "5" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "G-Dur: 5" "6" "7" "1" _ _ "4" "5" "1"} \addlyrics { _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "D-Dur: 7" "1" "3" "4" "5" "1" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "C-Dur: 4" "3"} \addlyrics { _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "h-Moll: 6" "5" "7" "1"} } } >>$

Die Akkorde, welche die Oktavregel für jede Tonleiterstufe vorschreibt, unterscheiden sich wie erwähnt bei einigen Stufen je nach der Bewegungsrichtung des Basses. Das c in T. 1 z. B. ist eine 4. Stufe, die abwärts schreitet: Für diese Situation schreibt die Oktavregel einen Sekundakkord vor. Das g in T. 3 hingegen ist eine 4. Stufe, die aufwärts schreitet: Für diese Situation schreibt die Oktavregel einen Quintsextakkord vor.

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff { \key g \major \new Voice = "right" { \relative c' { \clef "bass" g4 c b fis g e d cis d fis g a d,2 r4 g fis ais b d, e fis g f e b c d g,2 r \bar "||" } \addlyrics { \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "G-Dur: 1" "4" "3" "7" "1" "6" "5" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "G-Dur: 5" "6" "7" "1" _ _ "4" "5" "1"} \addlyrics { _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "D-Dur: 7" "1" "3" "4" "5" "1" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "C-Dur: 4" "3"} \addlyrics { _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "h-Moll: 6" "5" "7" "1"} } } \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { s4 <2> <6> <6 5> s <6+> s <6 5> s <6> <6 5> <_+> s2 s4 <6> <_+> <6 5> s s <6> <6 5> s <2> <6> <6> <6 5> } } >>$

Die vierstimmige Realisierung der Generalbassbezifferung, die anhand der Oktavregel gefunden wurde, könnte schließlich wie im folgenden Beispiel aussehen. Damit dieses „Aussetzen“ der Bezifferung zu einem stilistisch überzeugenden Ergebnis führt, müssen Prinzipien der Stimmführung und der Dissonanzbehandlung berücksichtigt werden, die dem Bereich der Kontrapunktlehre angehören.

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff { \key g \major \relative c'' { \clef treble 4 <a fis d> <d g, d> <c a d,> <cis g e> <d a fis> <g e a,> <fis d a> <a d, a> <e d b> <e cis a> <fis d a>2 r4 <e b b> <fis cis ais> <e cis fis,> <d b fis> <d a fis> <c g e> <c a d,> <c g e> <d g, d> <a g e> <a fis d> <g d b>2 r \bar "||" } } \new Staff { \key g \major \new Voice = "right" { \relative c' { \clef "bass" g4 c b fis g e d cis d fis g a d,2 r4 g fis ais b d, e fis g f e b c d g,2 r \bar "||" } \addlyrics { \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "G-Dur: 1" "4" "3" "7" "1" "6" "5" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "G-Dur: 5" "6" "7" "1" _ _ "4" "5" "1"} \addlyrics { _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "D-Dur: 7" "1" "3" "4" "5" "1" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "C-Dur: 4" "3"} \addlyrics { _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ \once \override LyricText.self-alignment-X = #1 "h-Moll: 6" "5" "7" "1"} } } \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { s4 <2> <6> <6 5> s <6+> s <6 5> s <6> <6 5> <_+> s2 s4 <6> <_+> <6 5> s s <6> <6 5> s <2> <6> <6> <6 5> } } >>$

In der Praxis erfolgen die einzelnen Schritte allerdings nicht wie hier dargestellt in verschiedenen Durchläufen: Vielmehr geschehen das Identifizieren der Tonleiterstufe einer Bassnote bzw. des vorliegenden Tonleiterausschnitts und das Greifen der dazugehörigen Akkorde jeweils gleichsam unmittelbar nacheinander. Eine wichtige Übung dazu ist das Spielen der Oktavregel (in ihrer Darstellung als harmonisierte Dur- oder Molltonleiter auf- und abwärts oder von Ausschnitten daraus, z. B. die Folge 5.-6.-7.-1. Stufe) in verschiedenen Tonarten.

Außerdem ist es wichtig zu betonen, dass nicht jede Basslinie anhand der Oktavregel sinnvoll harmonisiert werden kann: Eine Basslinie kann zahlreiche Patterns wie Sequenzen oder bestimmte Kadenzformen enthalten, die von der Oktavregel nicht „thematisiert“ werden. Diese müssen also jeweils einzeln erlernt werden, damit ihre Unterstimme in einem vorliegenden Bass erkannt und die dazugehörigen Oberstimmen bzw. Akkordfolgen abgerufen werden können.

Omnibus[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff { \key c \major \time 5/1 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \new Voice = "right" { \relative c' { \clef treble <fis a c d>1 s s s <d a' c fis> \bar "||" <d a' c fis> s s s <fis a c d> \bar "||" } } } \new Staff { \key c \major \time 5/1 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \new Voice = "left" { \relative c' { \clef treble <fis a c d>1 <f a c dis> <e a c e> <es a c f> <d a' c fis> \bar "||" <d a' c fis> <dis a' c f> <e a c e> <f a c es> <fis a c d> \bar "||" } } } \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { <6 5>1 <6+ 5> <6 4> <2> <7 _+> <7 _+> <7 _> <6 4> <6+ 5> <6 5> } } >>$

Parallelismus[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \time 4/1 \tempo 1 = 88 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c'' { < g b >1 < a c > < c e > \bar "||" < c e > < a c > < g b > \bar "||" } >> \new Staff << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \clef "bass" \relative c { e1 a g c c g a e } \addlyrics { C:_III VI V I I V VI III } \addlyrics { a:_V I VII III III VII I V } >> >>$

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \time 4/1 \tempo 1 = 88 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c'' { \repeat volta 2 { < c \tweak NoteHead.color #blue e >1 < a \tweak NoteHead.color #blue c > < a \tweak NoteHead.color #red c > } } >> \new Staff << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \clef "bass" \relative c { \tweak NoteHead.color #blue c \tweak NoteHead.color #red g \tweak NoteHead.color #blue a \tweak NoteHead.color #red f } \addlyrics { "3" "5" "3" "5" } >> >>$

Prädominante[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\version "2.14.2" \header { tagline = ##f } upper = \relative c { \key des \major \time 2/4 \tempo 4 = 54 \clef bass << { \voiceOne <des f as> \override NoteHead.color = #red \override Stem.color = #red <des ges bes> \revert NoteHead.color \revert Stem.color <des f as>4. \override NoteHead.color = #blue \override Stem.color = #blue <des es bes'>8 \revert NoteHead.color \revert Stem.color <des es as>4 <c es as> <des f as>2 } \new Voice { \voiceTwo des,4 \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red ges, des'4. \tweak NoteHead.color #blue \tweak Stem.color #blue ges,8 as4 as'8.. ges32 f8. } >> } \score { \new Staff = "upper" \upper \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

Quartsext[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff { \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \new Voice = "right" { \relative c'' { \clef treble <g b>1 \bar "||" \bar "||" <d, bes' g'> \bar "||" <gis b> \bar "||" <g d' b'> \bar "||" } } } \new Staff { \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \new Voice = "left" { \relative c { \clef "bass" d1 d d d' <d,, d' g b d> } } } \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { <6 4>1 <6 4> <6- 4> <6 4+> <6 4> } } >>$

Sexte[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\relative c { \override Staff.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \key c \major \time 5/2 \clef "treble" s4^"a) groß" c'1 a' s4 \bar "||" s^"b) klein" e1 c' s4 \bar "||" s^"c) übermäßig" c,1 ais' s4 \bar "||" s^"d) vermindert" e1 ces' s4 \bar "||"}$

Sub-super[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new PianoStaff << << % wegen Generalbass \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \time 3/2 \tempo 4 = 160 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c' { s2 r d ~ d c s \bar "||" s2 d1 e s2 \bar "||" s2 r e ~ e d s \bar "||" s2 e1 f s2 \bar "||" } >> \new Staff << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \clef "bass" \relative c' { s2 b1 c s2 \bar "||" s2 r2 d ~ d c s \bar "||" s2 a1 b s2 \bar "||" s2 r c ~ c b s \bar "||" } >> >> \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { <_>1 <3>2 <2> <1> <_>1. <1>2 <2> <3> <_>1. <5>2 <4> <3> <_>1. <3>2 <4> <5/> } } >> % wegen Generalbass$

Sub-super Zarlino[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new PianoStaff << << % wegen Generalbass \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \time 2/1 \tempo 4 = 160 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c' {a1 b c d e s \bar "||" c d e f \time 4/1 \override Staff.NoteHead.style = #'baroque e\longa \bar "||" } >> \new Staff << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \clef "bass" \relative c' {r2 e1 d c b2 c1 s r2 f,2. d4 d'1 c b2 \time 4/1 \override Staff.NoteHead.style = #'baroque c\longa } >> >> \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { <_>2 <5> <4> <3> <2> <1> <2> <3> <_>1 <_> <_>1. <1>2 <2> <3>2 <4> <5/>} } >> % wegen Generalbass$

Rameau[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff { \key c \major \time 1/1 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \new Voice = "right" { \relative c'' { \clef treble 1 <c e g> \bar "||" <g b d f>1 <g a c e> \bar "||" <f g b d>1 <e gis b d> \bar "||" <c' d f a>1 <c e g> \bar "||" } } } \new Staff { \key c \major \time 1/1 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \new Voice = "left" { \relative c { \clef "bass" g1 c g a g e f c } } } \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { <7>1 r <7> <7> <7> <7 _+> <6 5> } } >>$

Trugschluss[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\version "2.14.2" \header { tagline = ##f } upper = \relative c' { \key d \major \time 2/2 \tempo 2 = 54 << { \voiceOne fis2 e4. fis8 g2 } \new Voice { \voiceTwo d2 cis4. cis8 d2 } >> } lower = \relative c' { \clef bass \key d \major \time 2/2 << { \voiceOne a2. a4 g2 } \new Voice { \voiceTwo a2 a, b } >> } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { <6 4>2 <5 3> <6> } } >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff { \key g \major \time 2/4 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \new Voice = "right" { \relative c'' { \clef treble 4 <a fis d> <d g, d>2 \bar "||" } } } \new Staff { \key g \major \time 2/4 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \new Voice = "left" { \relative c' { \clef "bass" d4 d, b'2 } } } \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { <6 4>4 <5 3> <6>2 } } >>$

Türk[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff { \key g \major \time 2/4 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \new Voice = "right" { \relative c'' { \clef treble 4 <a fis d> <d g, d>2 \bar "||" 4 <a fis d> 2 \bar "||" 4 <a fis d> <gis e d>2 \bar "||" 4 <a fis d> <g cis,>2 \bar "||" 4 <a fis d> <e' g, a,>2 \bar "||" 4 <a fis d> <e' g, bes,>2 \bar "||" 4 <a fis d> <d f, b,>2 \bar "||" 4 <a fis d> 2 \bar "||" } } } \new Staff { \key g \major \time 2/4 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \new Voice = "left" { \relative c' { \clef "bass" d4 d, b'2 d4 d, dis2 d'4 d, e2 d'4 d, es2 d'4 d, cis2 d'4 d, cis2 d'4 d, gis2 d'4 d, f2 } } } \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { <6 4>4 <5 3> <6>2 <6 4>4 <5 3> <6>2 <6 4>4 <5 3> <7 +>2 <6 4>4 <5 3> <6+>2 <6 4>4 <5 3> <6 5>2 <6 4>4 <5 3> <7- 5>2 <6 4>4 <5 3> <7->2 <6 4>4 <5 3> <4 2>2 } } >>$

Haydn[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\version "2.14.2" \header { tagline = ##f } upper = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key as \major \time 2/4 \tempo 4 = 120 \set Timing.beamExceptions = #'() \set Timing.baseMoment = #(ly:make-moment 1/2) \set Timing.beatStructure = #'(1) \partial 8 c16 des es8 es es as es4. des16 c bes4 c \grace {es8} des4^\markup { \center-column {unvollkommener Ganzschluss}} c8 c16 des es8 es es as es4. des16 c bes8 des g, bes^\markup { \center-column {vollkommener Ganzschluss}} as4 r8 \bar "||" } lower = \relative c' { \clef bass \key as \major \partial 8 r8 r2 r8 c bes as g es as es bes' es,_"D" as_"T"\noBeam r r2 r8 c bes as des bes es_"D" es, as_"T" [es] as, } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

Charpentier[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\version "2.14.2" \header { tagline = ##f } upper = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key d \major \time 2/2 \tempo 2 = 72 \partial 4 a4 d d8 e fis4 d a'2 fis4.\prall fis8 g4 a8 g fis g a4 e8 d e fis e4 a, d d8 e fis4 d a'2 fis4.\prall fis8 g a fis g e4.\prall d8 d2. \bar "||" } lower = \relative c { \clef bass \key d \major \partial 4 d4 d2 d4 d cis a d4. d8 g,4 g d'8 e fis g a2 a8 g fis e d2 d4 d cis a d4. d8 g4 d a' a, d2. } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

Beeth V[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\relative c' { \clef treble \key c \minor \time 2/4 \set Timing.beamExceptions = #'() \set Timing.baseMoment = #(ly:make-moment 1/2) \set Timing.beatStructure = #'(1) << { \voiceOne r8 g'^Phrase g g es\noBeam as as as g\noBeam es' es es c2 ~ c8\noBeam g^\markup {\left-align "variierte Phrasenwiederholung"} g g d\noBeam as' as as g\noBeam f' f f d2 ~ d8\noBeam g^Fortsetzung g f es2 (d8) g g f es2 (d8\noBeam) g g f es4 r c r^Halbschluss g'2 } \new Voice { \voiceTwo r2 c,, ~ c ~ c ~ c b ~ b ~ b ~ b c (b) c (b8\noBeam) b b b c4 r <as fis'> r <g g' b> r } >> }$

KV 550[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\version "2.14.2" \header { tagline = ##f } upper = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key g \minor \time 2/2 \tempo 2 = 72 %\autoBeamOff << { \voiceOne r4 fis g a bes c8 bes a4 g fis r4 } \new Voice { \voiceTwo d1 cis d2 } >> } lower = \relative c' { \clef bass \key g \minor \time 2/2 << { \voiceOne bes2. a4 g2 fis4 g a2 } \new Voice { \voiceTwo e1 es d2 } >> } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

Petzold[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\version "2.14.2" \header { tagline = ##f } upper = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key g \major \time 3/4 \tempo 2 = 72 %\autoBeamOff \repeat volta 2 { d4 g,8 a b c | d4 g, g | e' c8\mordent d e fis | g4 g, g | c\mordent d8 c b a | b4 c8 b a g | fis4 g8 a b g | \grace b8( a2.) d4 g,8 a b c | d4 g, g | e' c8\mordent d e fis | g4 g, g | c\mordent d8 c b a | b4 c8 b a g | a4 b8 a g fis | g2. } \repeat volta 2 { b'4 g8 a b g a4 d,8 e fis d g4 e8 fis g d cis4 b8 cis a4 a8 b cis d e fis g4 fis e fis a, cis d2. d4 g,8 fis g4 e' g,8 fis g4 d' c b a8 g fis g a4 | d,8 e fis g a b c4 b\mordent a b8 d g,4 fis <b, d g>2. } } lower = \relative c' { \clef bass \key g \major \time 3/4 < g b d >2 a4 | b2. c2. b2. a2. g2. | d'4 b g | d'^\markup {\center-align "in G-Dur: V"} d,8 c' b a b2 a4 | g b g c2. b4 c8 b a g a2 fis4 | g2 b4 | c d d, g2^\markup {\center-align "in G-Dur: I"} g,4 g'2. fis e4 g e a2^\markup {\center-align "in D-Dur: V"} a,4 a'2. b4 d cis d fis, a d^\markup {\center-align "in D-Dur: I"} d, c'! << { \voiceOne r4 d2 r4 e2 } \new Voice { \voiceTwo b2 b4 c2 c4 } >> \oneVoice b a g d'2^"in G-Dur: V" r4 << { \voiceOne r4 r fis, } \new Voice { \voiceTwo d2. } >> \oneVoice e4 g fis g b, d g^\markup {"in G-Dur: I"} d g, } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

CPE Bach, Vorschläge[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new Staff { \time 4/4 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c' { \appoggiatura f2 e ~ e8 e c' e, \bar "||" f2( e8) e c' e, \bar "||" } }$

Quantz, Vorschläge[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c'' { \time 3/4 r4^"a)" r c4 \appoggiatura c8 d2 e4 \appoggiatura e8 f2 g4 \bar "||" \time 2/4 s4. g8^"b)" \appoggiatura f e4. d8 \appoggiatura d8 c4. d8 \bar "||" \appoggiatura c8 b4^"c)" r8 g \bar "||" \time 6/8 c8.^"d)" d16 c8 c4 f8 \appoggiatura f8 e4. ~ e4 f8 \bar "||" } >> \new Staff << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c''' { \time 3/4 r4 r c, c( d) e e( f) g \time 2/4 s4. g8 f4( e8) d d4( c8) d c4( b8) g \time 6/8 c8. d16 c8 c4 f8 f4. ( e4) f8 } >> >>$

Bach, Air[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

Johann Sebastian Bach: Air aus BWV 1068, United States Air Force Band Strings, 2000

$\version "2.14.2" \header {tagline = ##f} upper = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key d \major \time 4/4 \tempo 8 = 100 { fis1 ~ \tweak NoteHead.color #red fis8 b16 g \appoggiatura fis8 \tweak NoteHead.color #green e16 d cis d cis4 \appoggiatura b8 a4} } lower = \relative c { \clef bass { d8 d' cis cis, b b' a a, g g' gis gis, a a' g g,} } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower \new FiguredBass {\figuremode { r1 <7>4 <6> } } >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

Schulz[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\version "2.14.2" \header {tagline = ##f} upper = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key f \major \time 4/4 \tempo 4 = 100 << { \voiceOne s2. a4 a a bes a g g f2 } \new Voice { \voiceTwo s2. f4 f f e f \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red f e f <bes, d> <a c>2 r4 \bar "||" } >> } lower = \relative c { \clef bass { s2. r4 a2 g4 f c'2 a4 bes f2 r4} } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower \new FiguredBass {\figuremode { r1 r1 <4>4 <3> } } >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

Gott! erhalte[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\version "2.14.2" \header {tagline = ##f} upper = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key g \major \time 2/2 \tempo 4 = 92 << { \voiceOne s2 a4. b16 c d8 e c a \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red g4 a8 g <g d b>2 } \new Voice { \voiceTwo s2 <d fis>4. s8 s4 e d fis } >> } lower = \relative c { \clef bass \key g \major << { \voiceOne s2 <d fis a> g4 a \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red b c g2 } \new Voice { \voiceTwo s2 c, b4 c d2 g, } >> } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower \new FiguredBass {\figuremode { r1 r2 <6 4>4 <7 5 > } } >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

Happy Birthday[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\version "2.14.2" \header {tagline = ##f} upper = \relative c' { \clef treble \key f \major \time 3/4 \tempo 4 = 92 s2 c8. c16 c'4 a f \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red e^\markup {\center-align \center-column {Quart- vorhalt}} d } lower = \relative c' { \clef bass \key f \major \time 3/4 << { \voiceOne s2. r4 <a c> <a c> r <f bes> } \new Voice { \voiceTwo s2. f, bes2 } >> } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower \new FiguredBass {\figuremode { r2. r <4>4 <3> } } >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

Übermäßiger Quintsextakkord[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new ChoirStaff << \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 2 = 88 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c'' { \override DynamicTextSpanner.style = #'none \crescTextCresc <e gis> <e e'>2\< <e e'>4 ~ <e e'> <e e'>2 <e e'>4 <a c a'>\ff <a, c es a>2\fz <a c es a>4 <bes d bes'> <a' c es a>2\fz <a c es a>4 <bes d bes'> <a, c \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Accidental.color #red es a>2\fz <a c es a>4 <bes d bes'> <a' c \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Accidental.color #red dis a'>2\fz <a c dis a'>4 <a c e a > r <e a c e>\fz r <e a b e>\fz r <e gis b e>\fz r a,8\ff ( a,) a-. a-. a4-. \bar "||" } >> \new Staff << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \clef "bass" \relative c { <e e'>2 <e e'> <e e'> <e e'> <f f'>4 <f, f'>2 <f f'>4 <f f'> <f f'>2 <f f'>4 <f f'> <f f'>2 <f f'>4 <f f'> <f f'>2 <f f'>4 <e e'> r <e' a c e> r <e a b e> r <e gis b e> r a,,8 ( a') a-. a-. a4-. } >> >>$

$\new Staff { \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c'' { \clef treble <as c es fis>1 \bar "||" <fis as c es> \bar "||" <\tweak NoteHead.color #grey d fis as c es> \bar "||" <d fis a! c es> \bar "||" } }$

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff { \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \new Voice = "right" { \relative c'' { \clef treble <c es fis>1 << { \voiceOne g' } \new Voice { \voiceTwo <c, es>2 } >> \oneVoice <>1 \bar "||" <c es ges>1 << { \voiceOne f } \new Voice { \voiceTwo <f des> } >> \bar "||" } } } \new Staff { \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \new Voice = "left" { \relative c' { \clef "bass" as1 g as des } } } \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { <6+ 5->1 <6- 4>2 <5 3> <7->} } >>$

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff { \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \new Voice = "right" { \relative c'' { \clef treble \key c \minor <c es fis >1 \bar "||" } } } \new Staff { \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \new Voice = "left" { \relative c' { \clef "bass" \key c \minor as1 } } } \new FiguredBass { \figuremode { <6+ 5>1 } } >>$

$\version "2.14.2" \header { tagline = ##f } upper = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key c \minor \time 3/4 \tempo 2 = 63 %\autoBeamOff r4 c4.. es16 d8\staccato r g,4. \tuplet 5/4 { g32(a b c d } e8\staccato) r e4.. g16 f8\staccato r f,4. c'32 (d e f \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red \tweak Accidental.color #red fis8\staccato) r fis,4. c'32 (d es f g8\staccato) r < as, c f! as >2 r8. as16 f8 r g r c, r r4 r \bar "||" } lower = \relative c { \clef bass \key c \minor \time 3/4 < c es g >2. < bes c e g > < a c f > \override NoteHead.color = #red \override Stem.color = #red \override Accidental.color = #red < as! c es fis > \revert NoteHead.color \revert Stem.color \revert Accidental.color < g c es g >8 r < f! as c f! >2 r8. as16 f8 r g r c r g r c, r } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

Verdeckte Parallele[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new PianoStaff << \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \time 2/1 \tempo 2 = 80 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c'' { d1 g, \bar "||" d'4 c b a g1 \bar "||" } \addlyrics { "8" "5" _ _ _ "5" "5" } >> \new Staff << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c' { d1 c d c } >> >>$

Wechselnote[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]

$\new ChoirStaff << \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 2 = 92 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c'' { d \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red c a b c1 \bar "||" c b \bar "||" } >> \new Staff << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c' { d1 c a'4 \tweak NoteHead.color #red \tweak Stem.color #red g e fis g1 } >> >>$

$\new ChoirStaff << \new Staff << \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 2 = 92 \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c'' { d b a b c1 \bar "||" c b \bar "||" } >> \new Staff << \override Staff.TimeSignature.transparent = ##t \relative c' { d1 c a'4 f e fis g1 } >> >>$

$\version "2.14.2" \header {tagline = ##f} upper = \relative c' { \clef treble \key c \major \time 2/4 \tempo 4 = 88 <e g c>8-. r <e g c>-. r <c' e g>-. r <c e g>-. r <c g' a> r <c f a> r <c f g> r <c e g> r <a e' f> r <g d' f> r <g d' e> r <a c e> r <f a d> r <d f b> r <e g c>4 r \bar "||" } lower = \relative c { \clef bass \key c \major \time 2/4 c16 \tweak NoteHead.color #red b c \tweak NoteHead.color #red b c \tweak NoteHead.color #red b c \tweak NoteHead.color #red b c \tweak NoteHead.color #red b c \tweak NoteHead.color #red b c d e c f \tweak NoteHead.color #red e f \tweak NoteHead.color #red e f g a b c \tweak NoteHead.color #red b c \tweak NoteHead.color #red b c d e c d \tweak NoteHead.color #blue cis d c b \tweak NoteHead.color #red a b g c \tweak NoteHead.color #red b c b a \tweak NoteHead.color #blue gis a g f \tweak NoteHead.color #red e f d g \tweak NoteHead.color #blue fis g g, c g e g c,4 } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

$\version "2.14.2" \header { tagline = ##f } upper = \relative c'' { \key c \major \time 6/8 \tempo 8 = 92 << { \voiceOne g8.( \tweak NoteHead.color #red a16) g8 e4. s8 } \addlyrics { Stil -- le Nacht, } \new Voice { \voiceTwo e8.( \tweak NoteHead.color #red f16) e8 c4. } >> } lower = \relative c' { \clef bass \key c \major \time 6/8 << { \voiceOne c4 c8 g4. s8 } \new Voice { \voiceTwo c,4 c8 c4. } >> } \score { \new ChoirStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower >> \layout { \context { \Score \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver" } } \midi { } }$

↑ Giovanni Luca Conforto: Breve et facile maniera d'essercitarsi a far passaggi, Roma 1593. Hrsg.: Giancarlo Rostirolla. Società Italiana dl Flauto Dolco, Roma 1986, S. 3 (italienisch).

[sifd-1] Giovanni Luca Conforto: Breve et facile maniera d'essercitarsi a far passaggi, Roma 1593. Hrsg.: Giancarlo Rostirolla. Società Italiana dl Flauto Dolco, Roma 1986, S. 3 (italienisch).

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