Benutzer:Shi Annan/Parque Nacional Isla San Lucas
National Park on an island off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica in the Gulf of Nicoya}}
Parque Nacional Isla San Lucas
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 Die Isla San Lucas im Golf von Nicoya | ||
| Lage | Provinz Puntarenas, Costa Rica | |
| Fläche | 14,44 km² | |
| Geographische Lage | 9° 56′ N, 84° 54′ W | |
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| Einrichtungsdatum | 24. August 2020 | |
Der Parque Nacional Isla San Lucas (en.: San Lucas Island National Park) ist eine Insel vor der Pazifik-Küste von Costa Rica im Golf von Nicoya. Verwaltungstechnisch gehört sie zum Distrikt Puntarenas[1] im Kanton Puntarenas der Provinz Puntarenas.
Geschichte[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Die Insel wurde nach Lukas dem Evangelisten benannt. Sie war früher eine Gefängnisinsel, wo Menschen unter grausamen Bedingungen lebten. 2020 wurde die Insel zum National Park erklärt (24. August 2020, decree 9892).[2][3] Sie wird zusammen mit anderen als Central Pacific Conservation Area verwaltet.[4][5][6]
National Park[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
It was first designated as a Wildlife Refuge as created in 2002 by decree 29277-MINAE.
Am 10. August 2020 it was designated as the 30. National Park of Costa Rica by record 21287[2] of the Legislative Assembly and also as a Historical-Architectural Heritage (Patrimonio Histórico-Arquitectónico) by record 21789.[7]
Geographie[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
San Lucas Island located in the Gulf of Nicoya off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, about 40 minutes by boat from Puntarenas. The island has an area of approximately Vorlage:Convert
Indigenous culture[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Indigenous groups lived on San Lucas and the surrounding islands. There are eight known archeological sites on the island, including apparent houses where stone tools and a metal object were found in the late 1970s. The excavation sites date to between 1,000 and 1,500 AD.[8]
Strafkolonie[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
From 1873 to 1991, San Lucas Island was a penal island for some of the worst criminals in Costa Rica. It is often erroneously cited as the largest prison in Costa Rican history. It was founded by the dictator Tomás Miguel Guardia Gutiérrez.[9] Being sent to San Lucas Island was a terrible prospect as prisoners' lives were short and often spent in torture. Ironically, Guardia abolished the death penalty a year after establishing the prison.
The former buildings of the penal island are considered „Patrimonio de Cultura“, or cultural heritage sites.[9] The buildings include a historic dock that is still in use after the first dock was destroyed, a church, a medical building, temporary holding cells, a three-story main office, a large concrete disc used to hold a water tank, and water pumps. In addition, there are prison cells of varying security levels depending on the prisoners crimes. The prison cells contain the typical graffiti of older Latin American prisons, such as religious phrases, pornographic images, signatures and drawings. There are also several water pumps and a cemetery under excavation on the island.[8]
José León Sánchez, a prisoner of the island, wrote La Isla de Hombres Solos, translated into English as "The Island of Lonely Men", based on his time in the prison at San Lucas Island. León claimed that he was unjustly imprisoned for a robbery that he did not commit. Other prisoners included Beltrán Cortés Carvajal, the famous killer of the doctors Carlos Manuel Echandi Lahmann and Ricardo Moreno Cañas.
Wildlife[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
The island includes a wide variety of wildlife, such as howler monkeys, spiders, snakes, deer, and pheasants. There are also at least 8 species of bats on the island. The waters surrounding the island are home to hammerhead sharks, rays, and turtles.[10]
Tourism[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
The Instituto Costarricense de Turismo began planning to invest money into tourism on the island by developing commercial spaces for restaurants, beaches, and tour operators.[11] The volunteer organization Raleigh International occasionally sends young volunteers to help rangers clear beaches to make the island more attractive for tourism.
Now it is a full-fledged tourist destination, with several companies offering charters to the island.[9] There is great concern that the tourist activities are destroying pre-Columbian sites and the prison's archeological significance, as well as the wildlife habitats of the area
There are plans to develop more sustainable tourist activities on the island.[12]
Volunteer work[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
The island benefits from volunteers of the charity Raleigh International, who work with the rangers on the island to improve the surrounding area.
Einzelnachweise[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
- ↑ Decreto Nº 30714-C.
- ↑ a b Declaran Isla San Lucas Parque Nacional, 10. August 2020. Abgerufen im 11. August 2020
- ↑ Alejandro Zúñiga: At San Lucas Island, Costa Rica creates its 30th national park, 24. August 2020. Abgerufen im 26. August 2020
- ↑ Refugio de Vida Silvestre San Lucas Map. In: SINAC. Abgerufen am 6. Mai 2020.
- ↑ Refugio de Vida Silvestre San Lucas. In: Protected Planet. Abgerufen am 6. Mai 2020.
- ↑ Gigante Bay Area Attractions. PlanetWare, archiviert vom am 19. Mai 2011; abgerufen am 6. Oktober 2013.
- ↑ Allan Madriz: Diputados aprueban creación del Parque Nacional Isla San Lucas, 11. August 2020
- ↑ a b Museo Nacional de Costa Rica - Reinician excavaciones en la Isla de San Lucas. Museocostarica.go.cr, 1. Mai 2006, archiviert vom am 22. Februar 2012; abgerufen am 6. Oktober 2013.
- ↑ a b c Costa Rican Prison Island To Become Tourist Destination | Costa Rica Travel News. Costaricapages.com, 26. März 2008, archiviert vom am 2. Januar 2013; abgerufen am 6. Oktober 2013.
- ↑ Costa Rica - San Lucas Island wildlife Refuge. Tourism.co.cr, 9. Februar 2011, archiviert vom am 26. Februar 2012; abgerufen am 6. Oktober 2013.
- ↑ San Lucas Island will undergo tourism development. Archiviert vom am 13. Oktober 2014.
- ↑ Carlos Mora: Isla San Lucas será parque nacional, pero diputados discrepan por financiamiento, 11. August 2020. Abgerufen im 11 August 2020
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[[Kategorie:Nationalpark in Costa Rica]] [[Kategorie:Gegründet 2020]] [[Category:Pacific islands of Costa Rica]] [[Category:Tourism in Costa Rica]] [[Category:Geography of Puntarenas Province]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Puntarenas Province]] [[Category:Nature reserves in Costa Rica]] [[Category:Protected areas established in 2002]] [[Category:Protected areas established in 2020]] [[Category:2002 establishments in Costa Rica]] [[Category:2020 establishments in North America]]