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Supreme Court of Bangladesch in Dhaka

Der Supreme Court of Bangladesh (bengalisch বাংলাদেশ সুপ্রীম কোর্ট) ist das oberste Gericht und letzte Berufungsinstanz in Bangladesch. Er besteht aus der High Court Division und der Appellate Division und wird durch Part VI Chapter I (article 94) der Verfassung von Bangladesch begründet, welche 1972 in Kraft trat. Damit ist auch das Amt des Chief Justice, Appellate Division Justices, und High Court Division Justices of Bangladesh verbunden. Im Juli 2022 gab es 7 Richter in der Appellate Division und 85 in der High Court Division.

Structure

Logo des Supreme Court of Bangladesch.

Der Supreme Court of Bangladesh ist geteilt in zwei Teile: die Appellate Division und die High Court Division. Die High Court Division hears appeals from lower courts and tribunals; it also has original jurisdiction in certain limited cases, such as writ applications under Article 101 of the Constitution of Bangladesh, and company and admiralty matters. The Appellate Division has jurisdiction to hear appeals from the High Court Division under article 103 of the constitution of Bangladesh. The Supreme Court is independent of the executive branch, and is able to rule against the government in politically controversial cases.

The Chief Justice of Bangladesh and other judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President of Bangladesh with prior mandatory consultation with the Prime Minister. The entry point to the seat of judges in the High Court Division is the post of Additional Judge who are appointed from the practising Advocates of the Supreme Court Bar Association and from the judicial service under the provision of Article 98 of the constitution for a period of two years. The current ratio of such appointment is 80%–20%. Upon successful completion of this period and upon recommendation by the Chief Justice an Additional Judge is appointed permanently by the President of Bangladesh under the provision of Article 95 of the Constitution. The judges of the Appellate Division are also appointed by the President of Bangladesh under the same provision. All such appointments come into effect on and from the date of taking oath by the appointee under the provision of Article 148 of the constitution.

A judge of the Bangladesh Supreme Court holds office until they attain the age of 67 years as extended by the provision of article 95 of Constitution (Thirteenth) Amendment Act, 2004 (Act 14 of 2004). A retiring judge faces disability in pleading or acting before any court or authority or holding any office of profit in the service of the republic, not being a judicial or quasi-judicial office or the office of the Chief Adviser or Adviser.

A Supreme Court judge is not removable from office except in accordance with the provision of Article 96 of the Constitution which provides for Supreme Judicial Council empowering it to remove a judge of the supreme court from office upon allowing the delinquent judge an opportunity of being heard. The supreme judicial council is constituted with the Chief Justice of Bangladesh and next two senior judge of the Appellate Division, provided if at any time the Council inquiring into the capacity or conduct of a judge who is a member of the supreme judicial council, or a member of the council is absent or is unable to act due to illness or other cause, the judge who is the next in seniority to those who are members of the Council shall act as such member.

Supreme court judges are independent in their judicial function as empowered through article 94(4) of the Constitution.

Judgments

As per Article 111 of the Constitution of Bangladesh, 1972, the Supreme Court judgments have binding effects and the article provides that the law declared by the Appellate Division shall be binding on the High Court Division and the law declared by either division of the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts subordinate to it.

These judgements are usually summarised in the Bangladesh Supreme Court Digest. There are also many law reports which publish the judgments and orders of the Supreme Court. All these law reports are in printed volumes. The Chancery Law Chronicles offers the online service of judgments of Supreme Court of Bangladesh.

Language

Although Bengali is the only state language of Bangladesh in accordance with the article 3 of the Constitution of Bangladesh, the verdicts given by the judges at the Supreme Court of Bangladesh are frequently in English following the colonial tradition of the British rule, violating the Bengali Language Implementation Act, 1987. Sheikh Hasina, the incumbent and longest serving Prime Minister of Bangladesh, suggested that the judges should deliver their verdicts in Bengali so that every Bangladeshi can read them, and, later on if need be, the verdicts could be translated into English. Muhammad Habibur Rahman, a former Chief Justice of Bangladesh stated that if justice is a virtue and a service to the people, then verdicts should be given in Bengali. He also stated that if the people of the country want that all works in the Supreme Court must be operated in Bengali, then the representatives of the people in the Jatiya Sangsad (Parliament of Bangladesh) must enact and implement law to ensure the use of Bengali in the Supreme Court.

Richter

Sitting justices of the Appellate Division

Name	Date appointed in Appellate Division	Date appointed in High Court Division as additional judge	Mandatory retirement	Appointing President at High Court Division	Prime minister at time of appointment in High Court Division	Judicial position before appointment as a justice	Law school
Chief Justice Hasan Foez Siddique [1]	31 March 2013	22 February 2001	25 September 2023	Shahabuddin Ahmed	Sheikh Hasina (Awami League)	Additional Attorney General of Bangladesh	Chittagong University
Justice Md. Imman Ali	23 February 2011	22 February 2001	31 December 2022	Shahabuddin Ahmed	Sheikh Hasina (Awami League)	Advocate at Supreme Court	Chittagong University; Dhaka University; Lincoln's Inn
Justice Md. Nuruzzaman	9 October 2018	30 June 2009	30 June 2023	Zillur Rahman	Sheikh Hasina (Awami League)	Advocate at Supreme Court	Dhaka University
Justice Obaidul Hassan	3 September 2020	30 June 2009	10 January 2026	Zillur Rahman	Sheikh Hasina (Awami League)	Advocate at Supreme Court	Dhaka University
Justice Borhanuddin [2]	9 January 2022	16 November 2008	27 February 2024	Iajuddin Ahmed	Fakhruddin Ahmed	Advocate at Supreme Court	Chittagong University
Justice M Enayetur Rahim	9 January 2022	30 June 2009	10 August 2027	Zillur Rahman	Sheikh Hasina (Awami League)	Additional Attorney General of Bangladesh	Dhaka University
Justice Krishna Debnath	9 January 2022	18 April 2010	9 October 2022	Zillur Rahman	Sheikh Hasina (Awami League)	District and Session Judge	Dhaka University

Sitting Permanent Judges of the High Court Division

1. Madam Justice Salma Masud Chowdhury
2. Justice Muhammad Abdul Hafiz
3. Justice Dr. Syed Refaat Ahmed
4. Justice A. K. M. Asaduzzaman
5. Justice Md. Ashfaqul Islam
6. Justice Zubayer Rahman Chowdhury
7. Justice Md. Rais Uddin
8. Justice Md. Emdadul Haque Azad
9. Justice Md. Ataur Rahman Khan
10. Justice Syed Md. Ziaul Karim
11. Justice Md. Rezaul Haque
12. Justice Sheikh Abdul Awal
13. Justice S. M. Emdadul Hoque
14. Justice Mamnoon Rahman
15. Madam Justice Farah Mahbub
16. Justice Md. Moinul Islam Chowdhury
17. Madam Justice Naima Haydar
18. Justice Md. Rezaul Hasan
19. Justice A. N. M. Bashir Ullah
20. Justice Abdur Rob
21. Justice Dr. Quazi Reza-Ul Hoque
22. Justice Md. Abu Zafor Siddique
23. Justice A. K. M. Zahirul Hoque
24. Justice Jahangir Hossain
25. Justice Sheikh Md. Zakir Hossain
26. Justice Md. Habibul Gani
27. Justice Gobinda Chandra Tagore
28. Justice Sheikh Hassan Arif
29. Justice J. B. M. Hassan
30. Justice Md. Ruhul Quddus
31. Justice Md. Khasruzzaman
32. Justice Farid Ahmed
33. Justice Md. Nazrul Islam Talukder
34. Justice M Akram Hossain Chowdhury
35. Justice M Ashraful Kamal
36. Justice K. M. Kamrul Kader
37. Justice Md. Mozibur Rahman Miah
38. Justice Mostofa Zaman Islam
39. Justice Mohammadullah
40. Justice Mohammad Khurshid Alam Sarker
41. Justice A K M Shahidul Haque
42. Justice Shahidul Karim
43. Justice Mohammad Jahangir Hossain
44. Justice Abu Taher Mohammad Saifur Rahman
45. Justice Ashish Ranjan Daash
46. Justice Mahmudul Haque
47. Justice Badruzzaman Badol
48. Justice Zafar Ahmed
49. Justice Kazi Md. Ejarul Haque Akondo
50. Justice Md. Shahinur Islam
51. Madam Justice Kashefa Hussain
52. Justice S.M. Mozibur Rahman
53. Justice Khizir Ahmed Choudhury
54. Justice Razik Al-Jalil
55. Justice Bhishmadev Chakrabortty
56. Justice Md. Iqbal Kabir
57. Justice Md. Salim
58. Justice Md. Sohrowardi
59. Justice Md. Abu Ahmed Jamadar
60. Justice A. S. M. Abdul Mobin
61. Justice Md Mostafizur Rahman
62. Madam Justice Fatema Najib
63. Justice Md. Kamrul Hossain Molla
64. Justice SM Kuddus Zaman
65. Justice Md. Atowar Rahman
66. Justice Khizir Hayat
67. Justice Shashanka Shekhar Sarkar
68. Justice Mohammad Ali
69. Justice Mohi Uddin Shamim
70. Justice Md. Riaz Uddin Khan
71. Justice M Khairul Alam
72. Justice S. M. Moniruzzaman
73. Justice Ahmed Sohel
74. Justice Sardar Mohammad Rashed Jahangir
75. Justice Khondaker Diliruzzaman
76. Justice KM Hafizul Alam
77. Justice Muhammad Mahbub-Ul-Islam [3]
78. Justice Shahed Nuruddin
79. Justice Md Zakir Hossain
80. Justice Md Akhtaruzzaman
81. Justice Md Mahmud Hasan Talukder
82. Justice Kazi Ebadoth Hossain
83. Justice K. M. Zahid Sarwar
84. Justice AKM Zahirul Haque
85. Madam Justice Kazi Zinat Hoque

Former Chief Justice Surandra Kumar Sinha was the first justice appointed from Monipuri or any minority Ethnic groups in Bangladesh. Former Justice Bhabani Prasad Sinha is also from the same community.

Madame Justice Nazmun Ara Sultana was the first ever female justice, and Madame Justice Krishna Debnath is the first female Hindu justice of Bangladesh. There are currently seven female justices in the supreme court.

Kontroversen

2004 wurde Justice Syed Shahidur Rahman was terminated by President Iajuddin Ahmed on corruption allegation.

Former Chief Justice Mohammad Fazlul Karim withheld the oath taking of Justice Md. Ruhul Quddus (Babu) as he was involved in the murder of Aaslam, a pro-Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh student of Rajshahi University, on 17 November 1988, when he was a leader of Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal (JSD), and Justice Mohammad Khosruzzaman was overtly involved in contempt of court on 30 November 2006.

Justice Shah Abu Nayeem Mominur Rahman, an appellate division judge, first ever among these judges, resigned on 12 May 2011 due to supersession, as he was presumed to be the Chief Justice of Bangladesh on 18 May 2011.

Justice Mohammad Nizamul Huq resigned from the post of International Crimes Tribunal (ICT)-1 chairman on 11 December 2012 amid controversy for holding Skype conversations with an expatriate Bangladeshi legal expert based in Belgium.

President of Bangladesh ordered for formation of a Supreme Judicial Council to investigate alleged misconduct of High Court judge Justice Mizanur Rahman Bhuiyan after he distributed copies of a 17 February The Daily Inqilab report, termed slain (on 15 February 2013) 2013 Shahbag protests activist and blogger Ahmed Rajib Haider was a moortad (heretic), among the justices of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh.

Justice A B M Altaf Hossain was not confirmed as a permanent justice on 12 June 2014 despite recommendation from the Chief Justice of Bangladesh. So he has served legal notices to the top bureaucrats of Bangladesh government to reinstate him within 72 hours.

Chief Justice Surendra Kumar Sinha resigned on 11 November 2017 from Singapore while on a leave, and transiting from Australia to Canada. Later on former Chief Justice Surendra Kumar Sinha was sentenced in absentia to 11 years in jail for money laundering and criminal breach of trust.

Former justice AHM Shamsuddin Chowdhury Manik, a judge of the appellate Division of Supreme Court of Bangladesh gained notoriety for number of controversies.In 2003, he accused traffic police officers of contempt of court for not saluting his car while it was passing. The then Inspector General of Police of Bangladesh Police, Shahudul Haque, issued a rejoinder that said traffic police are under no obligations to salute anyone and they could do so if it was safe. Bangladesh High Court bench of Justice M A Matin and Justice Syed Refat Ahmedissued a contempt of court charge against Haque which automatically removed him from the post of Inspector General according to the law. The government of Bangladesh secured a presidential pardon that protected Haque's job.

He was also criticised for his vitriolic attack on various politicians including Speaker and members of the Parliament.

Weblinks

• Offizielle Homepage supremecourt.gov.bd
• Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Bangladesh
• Bangladesh Bar Council
• Chancery Law Chronicles-First ever Online Database of Bangladesh Laws
• Bangladesh Law Digest – BDLD

23.730890.4025 {{SORTIERUNG:Supreme Court Of Bangladesh}} [[Kategorie:Gericht (Bangladesh)]] [[Kategorie:Oberstes Gericht|Bangladesch]] [[Kategorie:Organisation (Dhaka)]] [[Kategorie:Gegründet 2004]] Government of Bangladesh]] [[Category:National supreme courts|Bangladesh]] [[Category:Judiciary of Bangladesh| ]] [[Category:1972 establishments in Bangladesh]] [[Category:Courts and tribunals established in 1972]]