„Fitbit“ – Versionsunterschied

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{{Infobox Unternehmen
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2017}}
| Name = Fitbit Inc.
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{{Infobox company
| name = Fitbit Inc.
| Logo = Fitbit logo16.svg
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| Unternehmensform = [[Public company|Aktiengesellschaft]]
| logo = Fitbit logo16.svg
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| ISIN = {{NYSE|FIT}}
| logo_size = 250
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| Gründungsdatum = [[San Francisco|1. Mai 2007 in San Francisco]], California, United States
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| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| Sitz = San Francisco, California, United States
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| traded_as = {{NYSE|FIT}}
| Leitung = James Park ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]]) <br>
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = James Park ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]]) <br> Eric Friedman ([[Chief technology officer|CTO]])
<nowiki> </nowiki>Eric Friedman ([[Chief technology officer|CTO]])
| industry = [[Consumer electronics]]
| Branche = [[Consumer electronics|Tragbare Elektronik<br>
]]
| products = See [[List of Fitbit products]]
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| Homepage = http://www.fitbit.com
| subsid = [[Pebble (watch)|Pebble]]
}}'''Fitbit''' Fitbi ({{NYSE|FIT}}) ist eine amerikanische Firma, die sogenannte Fitness-Tracker anbietet. Die Firma mit Sitz in [[San Francisco]], [[Kalifornien|California]], produziert die gleichnamigen elektronischen Geräte, mit denen die Kunden ihre Trainingseinheiten verfolgen und aufzeichnen können. Die einfacheren Modelle sind reine Schrittzähler, teurere Modelle können auch weitere Körperparamter wie die Herzfrequenz oder die Schlafqualität messen.
| foundation = [[San Francisco]], California, United States ({{Start date|2007|05|01}})<ref name=crunchbase>{{cite web |title=Fitbit Company Profile |url=http://www.crunchbase.com/company/fitbit |work=CrunchBase |publisher=[[TechCrunch]] |accessdate=2009-09-17}}</ref>
| founders = [[James Park (entrepreneur)|James Park]] <br> Eric Friedman
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| location = San Francisco, California, United States
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| homepage = {{URL|http://www.fitbit.com}}
}}


Die gemessenen Daten können via Mobiltelefon oder  Computer ins Internet übertragen werden, um sie auszuwerten.
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'''Fitbit''' ({{NYSE|FIT}}) is an American company headquartered in [[San Francisco]], [[California]], known for its products of the same name, which are [[activity tracker]]s, [[wireless]]-enabled [[wearable technology]] devices that measure data such as the [[Pedometer|number of steps walked]], heart rate, quality of [[sleep]], steps climbed, and other personal metrics involved in [[Physical fitness|fitness]]. The first product released was the ''Fitbit Tracker''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/2010/06/11/fitbit-tracker-pedometer-lifestyle-heatlh-lifetracking.html|title=Getting Fitbit|last=Ewalt|first=David M.|date=2010-06-11|work=Forbes|access-date=2017-03-29|language=en}}</ref> Some evidence has found that the use of similar devices results in less weight loss rather than more.<ref name=Jak2016>{{cite journal|last1=Jakicic|first1=JM|last2=Davis|first2=KK|last3=Rogers|first3=RJ|last4=King|first4=WC|last5=Marcus|first5=MD|last6=Helsel|first6=D|last7=Rickman|first7=AD|last8=Wahed|first8=AS|last9=Belle|first9=SH|title=Effect of Wearable Technology Combined With a Lifestyle Intervention on Long-term Weight Loss: The IDEA Randomized Clinical Trial|url=http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2016.12858|journal=JAMA|volume=316|issue=11|pages=1161–1171|doi=10.1001/jama.2016.12858|issn=0098-7484|quote=Among young adults with a BMI between 25 and less than 40, the addition of a wearable technology device to a standard behavioral intervention resulted in less weight loss over 24 months. Devices that monitor and provide feedback on physical activity may not offer an advantage over standard behavioral weight loss approaches.|date=September 20, 2016|pmid=27654602}}</ref>

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known for its products of the same name, which are [[Activity Tracker|activity trackers]], [[Kabellose Übertragungsverfahren|wireless]]-enabled wearable technology devices that measure data such as the [[Pedometer|number of steps walked]], heart rate, quality of [[Schlaf|sleep]], steps climbed, and other personal metrics involved in [[fitness]]. The first product released was the ''Fitbit Tracker''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Getting Fitbit|last=Ewalt|first=David M.|url=https://www.forbes.com/2010/06/11/fitbit-tracker-pedometer-lifestyle-heatlh-lifetracking.html|language=en|work=Forbes|date=2010-06-11|accessdate=2017-03-29}}</ref> Some evidence has found that the use of similar devices results in less weight loss rather than more.<ref name="Jak2016">{{Cite journal|last=Jakicic|last1=Jakicic|last2=Davis|last3=Rogers|first=JM|first1=JM|first2=KK|first3=RJ|last4=King|first4=WC|last5=Marcus|first5=MD|last6=Helsel|first6=D|last7=Rickman|first7=AD|last8=Wahed|first8=AS|last9=Belle|first9=SH|title=Effect of Wearable Technology Combined With a Lifestyle Intervention on Long-term Weight Loss: The IDEA Randomized Clinical Trial|url=http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2016.12858|journal=JAMA|volume=316|issue=11|date=September 20, 2016|issn=0098-7484|pages=1161–1171|doi=10.1001/jama.2016.12858|pmid=27654602|quote=Among young adults with a BMI between 25 and less than 40, the addition of a wearable technology device to a standard behavioral intervention resulted in less weight loss over 24 months. Devices that monitor and provide feedback on physical activity may not offer an advantage over standard behavioral weight loss approaches.}}</ref>


== Products ==
== Products ==
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[[Datei:Fitibit_Flex.jpg|miniatur|The Fitbit Flex, with the functioning unit out of the replaceable wristband.]]
{{Main article|List of Fitbit products}}
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Alongside the activity trackers, ''Fitbit'' offers a website and [[Mobile App|mobile app]] for [[IOS (Betriebssystem)|iOS]], [[Android (Betriebssystem)|Android]] and [[Microsoft Windows 10 Mobile|Windows 10 Mobile]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mashable.com/2014/06/25/fitbit-ios-update/#4NyFvr9N9iqz|title=Fitbit Updates App With Exercise and Run-Tracking Features|last=Bell|first=Karissa}}</ref> The trackers can be synced to smart devices via [[Bluetooth]] or uploaded to a computer running [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] or [[macOS]] using the Bluetooth USB dongle. Users have the ability to log their food, activities, and weight, to track over time and can set daily and weekly goals for themselves for steps, calories burned and consumed, and distance walked. Calories in versus calories out is more accurately measured when app users keep their tracker on. However, the app can be used without a tracker to measure calories on a&nbsp;[[Lebensstil|lifestyle]]&nbsp;app.&nbsp;The app offers a community page where users can challenge themselves and compete against other users. The social element anticipates an increase in motivation, finding that users take an average of 700 more steps per day when they have friends on the app.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/fitbit-software-update-makes-your-tracker-more-personal-ces-2017/|title=Fitbit's new software update makes your tracker more personal|date=January 5, 2017|last=Graziano|first=Dan}}</ref> Users can choose to share their progress pictures and achievement badges.
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[[File:Fitibit Flex.jpg|thumb|The Fitbit Flex, with the functioning unit out of the replaceable wristband.]]
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Alongside the activity trackers, ''Fitbit'' offers a website and [[mobile app]] for [[iOS]], [[Android (operating system)|Android]] and [[Windows 10 Mobile]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mashable.com/2014/06/25/fitbit-ios-update/#4NyFvr9N9iqz|title=Fitbit Updates App With Exercise and Run-Tracking Features|last=Bell|first=Karissa|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> The trackers can be synced to smart devices via [[Bluetooth]] or uploaded to a computer running [[Windows]] or [[macOS]] using the Bluetooth USB [[dongle]]. Users have the ability to log their food, activities, and weight, to track over time and can set daily and weekly goals for themselves for steps, calories burned and consumed, and distance walked. Calories in versus calories out is more accurately measured when app users keep their tracker on. However, the app can be used without a tracker to measure calories on a&nbsp;[[Lifestyle (sociology)|lifestyle]]&nbsp;app.&nbsp;The app offers a [[community page]] where users can challenge themselves and compete against other users. The social element anticipates an increase in motivation, finding that users take an average of 700 more steps per day when they have friends on the app.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/fitbit-software-update-makes-your-tracker-more-personal-ces-2017/|title=Fitbit's new software update makes your tracker more personal|last=Graziano|first=Dan|date=January 5, 2017|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Users can choose to share their progress pictures and achievement badges.


The company plans to release its Fitbit Ionic smartwatch in October 2017 for $300.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Simon|first1=Michael|title=Meet Fitbit Ionic: A little smartwatch, a lot of fitness tracker|url=http://www.macworld.com/article/3219717/software-health/meet-fitbit-ionic-a-little-smartwatch-a-lot-of-fitness-tracker.html|website=Macworld.com|publisher=macworld.com|accessdate=28 Aug 2017}}</ref>
The company plans to release its Fitbit Ionic smartwatch in October 2017 for $300.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.macworld.com/article/3219717/software-health/meet-fitbit-ionic-a-little-smartwatch-a-lot-of-fitness-tracker.html|title=Meet Fitbit Ionic: A little smartwatch, a lot of fitness tracker|accessdate=28 Aug 2017|last=Simon|first=Michael|publisher=macworld.com}}</ref>


=== Health effects ===
=== Health effects ===
In those who are [[overweight]] or [[obesity|obese]], a 2016 study indicates that the use of wearable technology combined with standard behavioral weight loss intervention results in less weight loss after two years of use when compared to usual weight loss interventions.<ref name=Jak2016/> There was no evidence that the devices altered the amount that people exercised or their diet compared to control.<ref name=Jak2016/> A 2015 study found use of lifestyle apps demonstrate promising results in promoting healthy living in adults.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Impact of a Web-Based App (eBalance) in Promoting Healthy Lifestyles: Randomized Controlled Trial|last=Eysenbach|first=Gunther|pmc=4376125|pmid=25732936|doi=10.2196/jmir.3682|volume=17|journal=J Med Internet Res|page=e56}}</ref> It is unclear whether these devices affect the amount of physical activity children engage in.<ref>{{cite journal|last2=McNarry|first2=MA|last3=Mackintosh|first3=KA|date=November 23, 2016|title=Feasibility and Effectiveness of Using Wearable Activity Trackers in Youth: A Systematic Review.|journal=JMIR mHealth and uHealth|volume=4|issue=4|pages=e129|pmid=27881359|last1=Ridgers|first1=ND|doi=10.2196/mhealth.6540|pmc=5143467}}</ref>
In those who are [[Übergewicht|overweight]] or [[Adipositas|obese]], a 2016 study indicates that the use of wearable technology combined with standard behavioral weight loss intervention results in less weight loss after two years of use when compared to usual weight loss interventions. There was no evidence that the devices altered the amount that people exercised or their diet compared to control. A 2015 study found use of lifestyle apps demonstrate promising results in promoting healthy living in adults.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Eysenbach|first=Gunther|title=The Impact of a Web-Based App (eBalance) in Promoting Healthy Lifestyles: Randomized Controlled Trial|journal=J Med Internet Res|volume=17|doi=10.2196/jmir.3682|pmid=25732936|pmc=4376125}}</ref> It is unclear whether these devices affect the amount of physical activity children engage in.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ridgers|last1=Ridgers|last2=McNarry|last3=Mackintosh|first=ND|first1=ND|first2=MA|first3=KA|title=Feasibility and Effectiveness of Using Wearable Activity Trackers in Youth: A Systematic Review.|journal=JMIR mHealth and uHealth|volume=4|issue=4|date=November 23, 2016|pages=e129|doi=10.2196/mhealth.6540|pmid=27881359|pmc=5143467}}</ref>


=== Accuracy ===
=== Accuracy ===
A small 2014 study of eight fit band devices during a 69-minute workouts that included 13 different activities found the bands were at best "reasonably accurate", with the Fitbit Zip and Fitbit One scoring 10.1% and 10.4% error ratings, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|title = Does your fitness band really work? Scientists analyse tracking tech|url = http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2653178/Does-fitness-band-really-work-Scientists-analyse-tracking-tech-Fitbit-no-effective-pedometer.html|accessdate = 2015-09-10}}</ref>
A small 2014 study of eight fit band devices during a 69-minute workouts that included 13 different activities found the bands were at best "reasonably accurate", with the Fitbit Zip and Fitbit One scoring 10.1% and 10.4% error ratings, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2653178/Does-fitness-band-really-work-Scientists-analyse-tracking-tech-Fitbit-no-effective-pedometer.html|title=Does your fitness band really work? Scientists analyse tracking tech|accessdate=2015-09-10}}</ref>


A small 2015 study had participants wear multiple devices on their wrists and hips performing different walking/running speeds on a treadmill. Fitbit devices worn on the hip accurately measured steps taken within 1 step of 100% accuracy. Devices worn on the wrist, however, were off by an average of 11 steps per minute. When measuring the number of calories burned, Fitbit devices worn on the hip underestimated by an average of 6%, while devices worn on the wrist overestimated calories burned by 21%. Authors concluded that both the Fitbit One and Fitbit Flex devices reliably measured step counts and energy expenditure, with hip-based Fitbit devices being more accurate than wrist-based devices.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Fitbit®: An accurate and reliable device for wireless physical activity tracking|url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167527315002764|journal = International Journal of Cardiology|pmc = 4406840|pmid = 25795203|pages = 138–140|volume = 185|doi = 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.038|first = Keith M.|last = Diaz|first2 = David J.|last2 = Krupka|first3 = Melinda J.|last3 = Chang|first4 = James|last4 = Peacock|first5 = Yao|last5 = Ma|first6 = Jeff|last6 = Goldsmith|first7 = Joseph E.|last7 = Schwartz|first8 = Karina W.|last8 = Davidson}}</ref> These measurements did not address the question of health effects.
A small 2015 study had participants wear multiple devices on their wrists and hips performing different walking/running speeds on a treadmill. Fitbit devices worn on the hip accurately measured steps taken within 1 step of 100% accuracy. Devices worn on the wrist, however, were off by an average of 11 steps per minute. When measuring the number of calories burned, Fitbit devices worn on the hip underestimated by an average of 6%, while devices worn on the wrist overestimated calories burned by 21%. Authors concluded that both the Fitbit One and Fitbit Flex devices reliably measured step counts and energy expenditure, with hip-based Fitbit devices being more accurate than wrist-based devices.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Diaz|last2=Krupka|last3=Chang|first=Keith M.|first2=David J.|first3=Melinda J.|last4=Peacock|first4=James|last5=Ma|first5=Yao|last6=Goldsmith|first6=Jeff|last7=Schwartz|first7=Joseph E.|last8=Davidson|first8=Karina W.|title=Fitbit®: An accurate and reliable device for wireless physical activity tracking|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167527315002764|journal=International Journal of Cardiology|volume=185|pages=138–140|doi=10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.038|pmid=25795203|pmc=4406840}}</ref> These measurements did not address the question of health effects.

===Recall===
Fitbit, working with the Consumer Protection Safety Commission, recalled the Fitbit Force on February 20, 2014 because some users experienced allergic reactions to the materials used in the product.<ref name="ForceCEO">[https://www.fitbit.com/forcesupport CEO letter 2/20/14]. February 20, 2014.</ref> On March 12, 2014, the [[Consumer Product Safety Commission]] (CPSC) made the recall official.<ref name="ForceRecall">{{cite web|url=https://www.cpsc.gov/en/Recalls/2014/Fitbit-Recalls-Force-Activity-Tracking-Wristband/|title=Fitbit Recalls Force Activity-Tracking Wristband Due to Risk of Skin Irritation|last=|first=|date=March 12, 2014|publisher=|access-date=|quote=The firm has received about 9,900 reports of the wristband causing skin irritation and about 250 reports of blistering.|work=U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission}}</ref> At that time, it was revealed that there were 9,900 reports of skin irritation and 250 reports of blistering .<ref name="ForceRecall" /> The product is no longer for sale on Fitbit's website.

In April 2017, a woman claimed her ''Fitbit Flex 2'' malfunctioned and caught on fire, causing second-degree burns on her arm.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/woman-sufferd-2nd-degree-burns-fitbit-exploded/story?id=46977279|title=Fitbit says woman's tracker didn't explode on its own|last=Allen|first=Karma|date=April 29, 2017|website=ABC News|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Following an investigation, ''Fitbit'' is adamant the cause of the exploding tracker was due to external forces, assuring its customers it is not aware of any other complaints and they can confidently wear their own ''Fitbit'' with no concerns.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2017/04/25/fitbit--investigating-report-exploding-flex-2-fitness-band/100883662/|title=Fitbit says it's investigating report of exploding Flex 2|last=Baig|first=Edward C.|date=April 25, 2017|website=USA Today|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

== History ==
Headquartered in San Francisco, California, Fitbit was founded on May 1, 2007 by James Park (CEO) and Eric Friedman (CTO). On May 7, 2015, Fitbit announced it had filed for [[IPO]] with a [[NYSE]] listing.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-05-07/fitbit-files-for-ipo-to-seek-nyse-listing-i9el5rz0 |title=Fitbit Files for IPO, to Seek NYSE Listing |date=May 7, 2015 |author=Hadi, Mohammed |agency=Bloomberg News |accessdate=2015-05-10 }}</ref> The IPO was filed for $358 million.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thestreet.com/story/13171588/1/fitbit-updates-ipo-pricing-as-apple-watch-gets-set-for-retail-launch.html |title=Fitbit Updates IPO Pricing |author=Chris Ciaccia |publisher=TheStreet |date=June 2, 2015 }}</ref> The company's stock began trading with the symbol "FIT"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://seekingalpha.com/news/2504406-fitbit-files-for-ipo-reports-strong-growth-profits |title=Fitbit files for IPO, reports strong growth/profits |date=May 7, 2015 |accessdate=2015-05-10 |author=Jhonsa, Eric }}</ref> on June 18, 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://money.cnn.com/2015/06/18/investing/fitbit-ipo-stock-bounce/ |title=Fitbit stock surges nearly 50% |date=June 18, 2015 |accessdate=2015-12-20 |author=Ananya Bhattacharya }}</ref> After Fitbit's stocks fell more than 50% in 2016, CEO James Park announced in October that the company was undergoing a major transformation from what he called a "consumer electronics company" to a "digital healthcare company."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/10/06/fitbit-ceo-reveals-hes-transforming-the-mission-and-purpose-of-the-company.html|title=Fitbit CEO reveals he’s transforming the mission and purpose of the company|last=Stevenson|first=Abigail|date=October 6, 2016|work=|access-date=2016-10-06|via=CNBC}}</ref>

On December 7, 2016, Fitbit officially announced that they acquired assets from [[Pebble (watch)|Pebble]], including key personnel, as the company decided to stop producing wearable technology. The acquisition excludes Pebble's hardware products.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://investor.fitbit.com/press/press-releases/press-release-details/2016/Fitbit-Inc-Acquires-Assets-from-Pebble/default.aspx|title=Fitbit, Inc. Acquires Assets from Pebble|last=|first=|date=December 7, 2016|website=fitbit.com|publisher=Fitbit|access-date=2016-12-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.getpebble.com/2016/12/07/fitbit/|title=Pebble’s Next Step|last=|first=|date=December 7, 2016|website=getpebble.com|publisher=|access-date=2016-12-08}}</ref>

In January 2017, Fitbit acquired Romania-based smartwatch startup ''Vector Watch SRL'' for $15 million.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/10/vector-smart-watch-startup-acquired-by-fitbit-as-wearable-giant-expands-its-team/|title=Fitbit acquires the Vector smart watch startup, as the wearable giant continues its roll-up|last=Butcher |first=Mike|date=January 11, 2017|website=TechCrunch|publisher=|access-date=January 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fool.com/investing/2017/02/23/fitbit-paid-38-million-for-its-two-smartwatch-acqu.aspx|title=Fitbit Paid $38 Million for Its 2 Smartwatch Acquisitions|last=Niu |first=Evan|date=February 23, 2017|website=TheMotleyFool|publisher=|access-date=April 5, 2017}}</ref>


== Reception ==
== Reception ==
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[[Datei:FitbitStand.jpg|miniatur|264x264px|Dedicated Fitbit retail stand stocked with different Fitbit Flex trackers]]

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[[File:FitbitStand.jpg|thumb|264x264px|Dedicated Fitbit retail stand stocked with different Fitbit Flex trackers]]


=== Awards ===
=== Awards ===
Fitbit has won numerous awards, including runner-up at TechCrunch50 in 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2008/09/10/yammer-takes-techcrunch50s-top-prize/|title=Yammer Takes Top Prize At TechCrunch50|publisher=AOL|work=TechCrunch}}</ref> and Innovation honoree and best in the Health & Wellness category at CES 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cesweb.org/awards/innovations/2009honorees.asp|title=CES Innovation Awards|work=International CES|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119092725/http://cesweb.org/awards/innovations/2009honorees.asp|archivedate=November 19, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In 2016, Fitbit ranked 37 out of the 50 most innovative companies for that year.<ref>Fast Company. “[http://www.fastcompany.com/most-innovative-companies The Most Innovative Companies of 2016].” February 19, 2016. March 30, 2016.</ref>
Fitbit has won numerous awards, including runner-up at TechCrunch50 in 2008<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2008/09/10/yammer-takes-techcrunch50s-top-prize/|title=Yammer Takes Top Prize At TechCrunch50|work=TechCrunch|publisher=AOL}}</ref> and Innovation honoree and best in the Health & Wellness category at CES 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cesweb.org/awards/innovations/2009honorees.asp|title=CES Innovation Awards|work=International CES|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119092725/http://cesweb.org/awards/innovations/2009honorees.asp|archivedate=November 19, 2011}}</ref> In 2016, Fitbit ranked 37 out of the 50 most innovative companies for that year.<ref>Fast Company. “[http://www.fastcompany.com/most-innovative-companies The Most Innovative Companies of 2016].” February 19, 2016. March 30, 2016.</ref>


=== Privacy concerns ===
=== Privacy concerns ===
To set up and use the hardware, one has to create an account with Fitbit and agree to data collection, transfer and privacy rules.<ref>[https://www.fitbit.com/uk/legal/terms-of-service "Terms Of Service”] Creating an Account, February 9, 2017.</ref>
To set up and use the hardware, one has to create an account with Fitbit and agree to data collection, transfer and privacy rules.<ref>[https://www.fitbit.com/uk/legal/terms-of-service "Terms Of Service”] Creating an Account, February 9, 2017.</ref>


Starting in June 2011, Fitbit was criticized for its website's default activity-sharing settings, which made users' manually-entered physical activities available for public viewing.<ref name="Fitbit blog response">{{cite web | url=http://blog.fitbit.com/?p=463 | title=Fitbit Blog | work=Fitbit Blog | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709180142/http://blog.fitbit.com/?p=463 | archivedate=July 9, 2011 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> All users had the option to make their physical activity information private, but some users were unaware that the information was public by default. One specific issue, which technology blogs made fun of, was that some users were including details about their sex lives in their daily exercise logs, and this information was, by default, publicly available.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gizmodo.com/5817784/dear-fitbit-users-kudos-on-the-30-minutes-of-vigorous-sexual-activity-last-night |title=Dear Fitbit Users, Kudos On the 30 Minutes of "Vigorous Sexual Activity" Last Night |author=Jack Loftus |publisher=Gawker Media |work=Gizmodo}}</ref> Fitbit responded to criticism by making all such data private by default and requesting that search engines remove indexed user profile pages from their databases.<ref name="Fitbit blog response" />
Starting in June 2011, Fitbit was criticized for its website's default activity-sharing settings, which made users' manually-entered physical activities available for public viewing.<ref name="Fitbit blog response">{{Cite web|url=http://blog.fitbit.com/?p=463|title=Fitbit Blog|work=Fitbit Blog|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709180142/http://blog.fitbit.com/?p=463|archivedate=July 9, 2011}}</ref> All users had the option to make their physical activity information private, but some users were unaware that the information was public by default. One specific issue, which technology blogs made fun of, was that some users were including details about their sex lives in their daily exercise logs, and this information was, by default, publicly available.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gizmodo.com/5817784/dear-fitbit-users-kudos-on-the-30-minutes-of-vigorous-sexual-activity-last-night|title=Dear Fitbit Users, Kudos On the 30 Minutes of "Vigorous Sexual Activity" Last Night|last=Jack Loftus|author=Jack Loftus|work=Gizmodo|publisher=Gawker Media}}</ref> Fitbit responded to criticism by making all such data private by default and requesting that search engines remove indexed user profile pages from their databases.

The company's devices have also been used in criminal investigations; in one instance, a rape claim against an unnamed intruder was turned around to a criminal charge for false reports based on data from the claimant's Fitbit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://abc27.com/2015/06/19/police-womans-fitness-watch-disproved-rape-report/ |title=Police: Woman’s fitness watch disproved rape report |work=ABC27 |date=June 19, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://fusion.net/story/158292/fitbit-data-just-undermined-a-womans-rape-claim/ |title=Fitbit data just undermined a woman’s rape claim |date=June 29, 2015 |work=Fusion}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/11/when-fitbit-is-the-expert-witness/382936/ |title=When Fitbit Is the Expert Witness |work=The Atlantic |date=November 19, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://theconversation.com/how-your-fitbit-data-can-and-will-be-used-against-you-in-a-court-of-law-34580 |title=How your Fitbit data can and will be used against you in a court of law |date=November 24, 2014 |work=The Conversation |author=David Glance}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_HOMICIDE_MYSTERY_FITBIT?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT |title=Man pleads not guilty in murder case using Fitbit evidence |date=April 28, 2017 |work=The Associated Press |author=AP}}</ref>

=== Surveillance ===
A Fitbit played a role in solving a murder.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2017/04/26/fitness_trackers_are_poised_to_help_solve_crimes_especially_against_women.html|title=How a Fitbit Helped Solve a Murder Case|last=Schwedel|first=Heather|date=April 26, 2017|work=Slate|access-date=2017-05-26|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en-US|issn=1091-2339}}</ref> Connie Dabate was murdered by her husband Richard Dabate. Initially, Richard framed the situation, telling police and law enforcement officials that an intruder had broken into their home and fatally shot his wife. However, Connie’s Fitbit tracker showed that she was at the gym at the time Richard told police his wife was shot. Using Connie’s Fitbit and analyzing her movements, analysts were able to create a timeline that proved Richard had created a false story.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Watts|first1=Amanda|title=Cops use murdered woman's Fitbit to charge her husband|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/25/us/fitbit-womans-death-investigation-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|accessdate=19 June 2017}}</ref>

On March 5, 2017, Kelly Herron<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cosmopolitan.com/health-fitness/a9125929/jogger-fitness-tracker-assault/|title=This Jogger Fought Off a Mid-Run Assault and Her Fitness Tracker Captured the Entire Thing|last=Narins|first=Elizabeth|date=March 13, 2017|work=Cosmopolitan|access-date=2017-05-26|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en-US}}</ref> was using a public bathroom, when a man, who had been convicted of previous sex crimes, attempted to rape Herron. Herron fought her way out of the crime and the story became widely circulated because her Fitbit had tracked her frantic movements during her escape.

On March 10, 2015, Jeannine M. Risley fabricated a story<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/law/2016/04/21/prosecutors-say-fitbit-device-exposed-fibbing-in-rape-case/|title=Prosecutors Say Fitbit Device Exposed Fibbing in Rape Case|last=Gershman|first=Jacob|date=April 21, 2016|website=The Wall Street Journal|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-05-26}}</ref> in which an intruder appeared in her employer’s home she was staying at and raped her. Risley told police that a man had assaulted her around midnight. Police found a Fitbit lying on the floor when they arrived at the scene. Prosecutors used the Fitbit as evidence and data to determine what had occurred. The Fitbit revealed that Risley was active throughout the night, and the Fitbit surveillance analysis demonstrated Risley had not gone to bed like she stated to the police; therefore, proving Risley had lied to the police.

== See also ==
* [[Garmin]]
* [[Jawbone (company)|Jawbone]]
* [[Key finder]]
* [[Microsoft Band]]
* [[Misfit (company)]]
* [[Quantified Self]]
* [[Smart keychain]]
* [[Smartwatch]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Fitbit}}
* {{official website|http://www.fitbit.com/}}

[[Category:American companies established in 2007]]
[[Category:Android (operating system) software]]
[[Category:Companies established in 2007]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Electronics companies established in 2007]]
[[Category:Electronics companies of the United States]]
[[Category:IOS software]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in San Francisco]]
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Version vom 26. Oktober 2017, 20:46 Uhr

Fitbit Inc.

Logo
Rechtsform Aktiengesellschaft
ISIN [[:Vorlage:N [[:Vorlage:N YSE]]
Gründung 1. Mai 2007 in San Francisco, California, United States
Sitz San Francisco, California, United States
Leitung James Park (CEO)

Eric Friedman (CTO)

Branche Tragbare Elektronik
Website http://www.fitbit.com

Fitbit Fitbi (Vorlage:NYSE) ist eine amerikanische Firma, die sogenannte Fitness-Tracker anbietet. Die Firma mit Sitz in San Francisco, California, produziert die gleichnamigen elektronischen Geräte, mit denen die Kunden ihre Trainingseinheiten verfolgen und aufzeichnen können. Die einfacheren Modelle sind reine Schrittzähler, teurere Modelle können auch weitere Körperparamter wie die Herzfrequenz oder die Schlafqualität messen.

Die gemessenen Daten können via Mobiltelefon oder  Computer ins Internet übertragen werden, um sie auszuwerten.

known for its products of the same name, which are activity trackers, wireless-enabled wearable technology devices that measure data such as the number of steps walked, heart rate, quality of sleep, steps climbed, and other personal metrics involved in fitness. The first product released was the Fitbit Tracker.[1] Some evidence has found that the use of similar devices results in less weight loss rather than more.[2]

Products

The Fitbit Flex, with the functioning unit out of the replaceable wristband.

Alongside the activity trackers, Fitbit offers a website and mobile app for iOS, Android and Windows 10 Mobile.[3] The trackers can be synced to smart devices via Bluetooth or uploaded to a computer running Windows or macOS using the Bluetooth USB dongle. Users have the ability to log their food, activities, and weight, to track over time and can set daily and weekly goals for themselves for steps, calories burned and consumed, and distance walked. Calories in versus calories out is more accurately measured when app users keep their tracker on. However, the app can be used without a tracker to measure calories on a lifestyle app. The app offers a community page where users can challenge themselves and compete against other users. The social element anticipates an increase in motivation, finding that users take an average of 700 more steps per day when they have friends on the app.[4] Users can choose to share their progress pictures and achievement badges.

The company plans to release its Fitbit Ionic smartwatch in October 2017 for $300.[5]

Health effects

In those who are overweight or obese, a 2016 study indicates that the use of wearable technology combined with standard behavioral weight loss intervention results in less weight loss after two years of use when compared to usual weight loss interventions. There was no evidence that the devices altered the amount that people exercised or their diet compared to control. A 2015 study found use of lifestyle apps demonstrate promising results in promoting healthy living in adults.[6] It is unclear whether these devices affect the amount of physical activity children engage in.[7]

Accuracy

A small 2014 study of eight fit band devices during a 69-minute workouts that included 13 different activities found the bands were at best "reasonably accurate", with the Fitbit Zip and Fitbit One scoring 10.1% and 10.4% error ratings, respectively.[8]

A small 2015 study had participants wear multiple devices on their wrists and hips performing different walking/running speeds on a treadmill. Fitbit devices worn on the hip accurately measured steps taken within 1 step of 100% accuracy. Devices worn on the wrist, however, were off by an average of 11 steps per minute. When measuring the number of calories burned, Fitbit devices worn on the hip underestimated by an average of 6%, while devices worn on the wrist overestimated calories burned by 21%. Authors concluded that both the Fitbit One and Fitbit Flex devices reliably measured step counts and energy expenditure, with hip-based Fitbit devices being more accurate than wrist-based devices.[9] These measurements did not address the question of health effects.

Reception

Dedicated Fitbit retail stand stocked with different Fitbit Flex trackers

Awards

Fitbit has won numerous awards, including runner-up at TechCrunch50 in 2008[10] and Innovation honoree and best in the Health & Wellness category at CES 2009.[11] In 2016, Fitbit ranked 37 out of the 50 most innovative companies for that year.[12]

Privacy concerns

To set up and use the hardware, one has to create an account with Fitbit and agree to data collection, transfer and privacy rules.[13]

Starting in June 2011, Fitbit was criticized for its website's default activity-sharing settings, which made users' manually-entered physical activities available for public viewing.[14] All users had the option to make their physical activity information private, but some users were unaware that the information was public by default. One specific issue, which technology blogs made fun of, was that some users were including details about their sex lives in their daily exercise logs, and this information was, by default, publicly available.[15] Fitbit responded to criticism by making all such data private by default and requesting that search engines remove indexed user profile pages from their databases.

References

Vorlage:Reflist

  1. ↑ David M. Ewalt: Getting Fitbit In: Forbes, 11. Juni 2010. Abgerufen am 29. März 2017 (englisch). 
  2. ↑ JM Jakicic, KK Davis, RJ Rogers, WC King, MD Marcus, D Helsel, AD Rickman, AS Wahed, SH Belle: Effect of Wearable Technology Combined With a Lifestyle Intervention on Long-term Weight Loss: The IDEA Randomized Clinical Trial. In: JAMA. 316. Jahrgang, Nr. 11, 20. September 2016, ISSN 0098-7484, S. 1161–1171, doi:10.1001/jama.2016.12858, PMID 27654602 (jamanetwork.com): „Among young adults with a BMI between 25 and less than 40, the addition of a wearable technology device to a standard behavioral intervention resulted in less weight loss over 24 months. Devices that monitor and provide feedback on physical activity may not offer an advantage over standard behavioral weight loss approaches.“
  3. ↑ Karissa Bell: Fitbit Updates App With Exercise and Run-Tracking Features.
  4. ↑ Dan Graziano: Fitbit's new software update makes your tracker more personal. 5. Januar 2017;.
  5. ↑ Michael Simon: Meet Fitbit Ionic: A little smartwatch, a lot of fitness tracker. macworld.com, abgerufen am 28. August 2017.
  6. ↑ Gunther Eysenbach: The Impact of a Web-Based App (eBalance) in Promoting Healthy Lifestyles: Randomized Controlled Trial. In: J Med Internet Res. 17. Jahrgang, doi:10.2196/jmir.3682, PMID 25732936, PMC 4376125 (freier Volltext).
  7. ↑ ND Ridgers, MA McNarry, KA Mackintosh: Feasibility and Effectiveness of Using Wearable Activity Trackers in Youth: A Systematic Review. In: JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 4. Jahrgang, Nr. 4, 23. November 2016, S. e129, doi:10.2196/mhealth.6540, PMID 27881359, PMC 5143467 (freier Volltext).
  8. ↑ Does your fitness band really work? Scientists analyse tracking tech. Abgerufen am 10. September 2015.
  9. ↑ Keith M. Diaz, David J. Krupka, Melinda J. Chang, James Peacock, Yao Ma, Jeff Goldsmith, Joseph E. Schwartz, Karina W. Davidson: Fitbit®: An accurate and reliable device for wireless physical activity tracking. In: International Journal of Cardiology. 185. Jahrgang, S. 138–140, doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.038, PMID 25795203, PMC 4406840 (freier Volltext) – (elsevier.com).
  10. ↑ Yammer Takes Top Prize At TechCrunch50. In: TechCrunch. AOL;
  11. ↑ CES Innovation Awards. In: International CES. Archiviert vom Original am 19. November 2011;.
  12. ↑ Fast Company. “The Most Innovative Companies of 2016.” February 19, 2016. March 30, 2016.
  13. ↑ "Terms Of Service” Creating an Account, February 9, 2017.
  14. ↑ Fitbit Blog. In: Fitbit Blog. Archiviert vom Original am 9. Juli 2011;.
  15. ↑ Jack Loftus: Dear Fitbit Users, Kudos On the 30 Minutes of "Vigorous Sexual Activity" Last Night. In: Gizmodo. Gawker Media;
Abgerufen von „https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fitbit&oldid=170355754“