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Vorlage:Use American English Vorlage:Short description Vorlage:Use dmy dates Vorlage:Infobox pipeline The Central Asia – Center gas pipeline system is a Gazprom controlled system of natural gas pipelines, which run from Turkmenistan via Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan to Russia. The eastern branch includes the Central Asia - Center (CAC) 1, 2, 4 and 5 pipelines, which start from the south-eastern gas fields of Turkmenistan. The western branch consists of the CAC-3 pipeline and a project to build a new parallel Caspian pipeline. The western branch runs from the Caspian Sea coast of Turkmenistan to north.[1] The branches meet in western Kazakhstan. From there the pipelines run to north where they are connected to the Russian natural gas pipeline system.[2]

The system was built between 1960 and 1988. Construction began after discovery of Turkmenistan's Dzharkak field in the Amu Darya Basin, and the first section of the pipeline was completed in 1960.[3][4] CAC-1 and 2 were commissioned in 1969 and CAC-4 was commissioned in 1973.[5] In 1976, two parallel lines were laid between Shatlyk compressor station and Khiva. CAC-5 was commissioned in 1985 and in 1986-88 the Dauletabad–Khiva line was connected.[6] The western branch (CAC-3) was constructed in 1972-1975.[5]

In 2003, the late President of Turkmenistan Saparmurat Niyazov proposed to renovate existing systems and construct a new parallel pipeline to the western branch.[7][8] On 12 May 2007, Vladimir Putin of Russia, Nursultan Nazarbayev of Kazakhstan and Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow of Turkmenistan signed a memorandum for renovation and expansion of the western branch of the pipeline.[9][10] On 20 December 2007, Russia, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan finalized agreement on construction of the Caspian Coastal Pipeline parallel to the existing CAC-3 pipeline (known as Bekdash–Europe pipeline or Okarem–Beineu pipeline).

Technical features

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Almost all Uzbek and Turkmen natural gas is delivered through the CAC pipeline system, mainly through the eastern branch due to location of production sites and poor technical condition of the western branch. CAC-1, 2, 4 and 5 pipelines are supplied from gas fields in the South-East of Turkmenistan, mainly from the Dauletabad gas field.[4] The eastern branch starts from the Dauletabad field and continues through the Shatlyk gas field east of Tejen to Khiva, Uzbekistan. From there the pipeline system transports gas north-west along Amu Darya to the Kungrad compressor station in Uzbekistan. From Kungrad, most of the gas is carried via Kazakhstan to the Alexandrov Gay gas metering station in Russia.[6] At Alexandrov Gay CAC pipelines meet with Soyuz and Orenburg–Novopskov pipelines. From there two lines run northwest to Moscow, and two others proceed across the Volga river to the North Caucasus-Moscow transmission system.[4] The diameter of most pipelines varies from Vorlage:Convert. Current capacity of the system is 44 billion cubic meters (bcm) per year. An agreement is in place to increase capacity to 55 bcm per year by 2010 and through modernization there is potential to increase capacity to 90 bcm per year.

The western branch originates at Okarem near the Turkmenistan–Iran border and runs north. It is supplied by gas from fields scattered along the Caspian coast between Okarem and Balkanabat. It continues via Uzen in Kazakhstan to the Beyneu compressor station, where it meets the eastern branch of the CAC. South of Hazar, the western system consists of Vorlage:Convert diameter pipeline, and between Hazar and Beyneau Vorlage:Convert diameter pipeline.[6]

Caspian coastal pipeline

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On 20 December 2007, Russia, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan agreed to construct a new Caspian pipeline parallel to the existing CAC-3 pipeline. The pipeline is planned be built between Belek compressor station in Turkmenistan and Alexandrov Gay compressor station.[11] Capacity of the new pipeline will be 20–30 bcm per year and it would be supplied from the planned East–West pipeline.[12][13] Construction of the pipeline was to start in the second half of 2009.[14] However, the project was mothballed.[15]

Portal: Russia – Energy

Vorlage:Reflist

==Further reading==
*Chow, Edward, "Central Asia’s Pipelines: Field of Dreams and Reality," in [http://www.nbr.org/publications/element.aspx?id=456 Pipeline Politics in Asia: The Intersection of Demand, Energy Markets, and Supply Routes] ([[National Bureau of Asian Research]], 2010)

{{Pipeline Systems of Russia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Central Asia - Center Gas Pipeline System}}
[[Category:Natural gas pipelines in Russia]]
[[Category:Natural gas pipelines in Turkmenistan]]
[[Category:Natural gas pipelines in Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Natural gas pipelines in Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Natural gas pipelines in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures built in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:1969 establishments in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Energy in Central Asia]]
[[Category:Gazprom pipelines]]
[[Category:Kazakhstan–Russia relations]]
[[Category:Kazakhstan–Turkmenistan relations]]
[[Category:Kazakhstan–Uzbekistan relations]]
[[Category:Russia–Turkmenistan relations]]
[[Category:Russia–Uzbekistan relations]]
[[Category:Turkmenistan–Uzbekistan relations]]
[[Category:Soviet Central Asia]]

  1. Michael Fredholm: The Russian Energy Strategy & Energy Policy: Pipeline Diplomacy or Mutual Dependence? Conflict Studies Research Centre, September 2005 (defac.ac.uk (Memento des Originals vom 29 November 2007 im Internet Archive) [abgerufen am 21. Dezember 2007]).
  2. Shamil Midkhatovich Yenikeyeff: Kazakhstan's Gas: Export Markets and Export Routes. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, November 2008 (oxfordenergy.org [PDF; abgerufen am 12. November 2008]).
  3. Uzbekistan's Unlikely Dream to Supply Europe with Gas. silkroadreporters.com, 2015, archiviert vom Original am 16. September 2016; abgerufen am 7. September 2016.
  4. a b c Martha Brill Olcott: International Gas Trade in Central Asia: Turkmenistan, Iran, Russia and Afghanistan. Working Paper #28. Stanford Institute for International Studies, Mai 2004 (rice.edu (Memento des Originals vom 4 September 2008 im Internet Archive) [abgerufen am 20. Dezember 2007]).
  5. a b Privatization of the Power and Natural Gas Industries in Hungary and Kazakhstan. World Bank, Dezember 1999, WTP451 (worldbank.org [PDF; abgerufen am 21. Dezember 2007]).
  6. a b c Caspian Oil and Gas. International Energy Agency, 1998, ISBN 92-64-16095-7 (iea.org (Memento des Originals vom 10 April 2008 im Internet Archive) [abgerufen am 21. Dezember 2007]).
  7. Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkmenistan agree to renovate the Caspian gas pipeline (Memento des Originals vom 9. März 2010 im Internet Archive), 14. Mai 2007. Abgerufen am 21. Dezember 2007 
  8. Robert M. Cutler: Moscow and Ashgabat fail to agree over the Caspian Coastal Pipeline, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, 4. August 2009. Abgerufen am 21. Dezember 2007 
  9. Putin deal torpedoes Trans-Caspian gas pipeline plans (Memento des Originals vom 27. September 2007 im Internet Archive), New Europe (Belgium), 17. Mai 2007. Abgerufen am 19. Mai 2007 
  10. Vorlage:Cite magazine
  11. John C. K. Daly: Turkmenistan, Natural Gas, and the West In: Eurasia Daily Monitor, Jamestown Foundation, 14. Dezember 2007. Abgerufen am 28. Oktober 2010 
  12. Isabel Gorst: Russia seals Central Asian gas pipeline deal In: Financial Times, 20. Dezember 2007 
  13. Turkmenistan-Russia Breakthrough: Resuming Gas Supplies, Building Pipelines, 23. Dezember 2009. Abgerufen am 29. Mai 2010 
  14. Putin Okays Caspian Gas Pipe Accord for Ratification, Downstream Today, 11. November 2008. Abgerufen am 22. November 2008 
  15. Russia, Turkmenistan extend Caspian gas link freeze-paper In: Reuters, 23. Oktober 2010. Abgerufen am 28. Oktober 2010