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{{Infobox spacecraft
| Name = InSight 
| Image =[[File:Artist's Concept of the InSight Lander.jpg|220px]]
| Caption = InSight lander (artist's concept)
| Organization = [[NASA]]<ref name=washington/></br>Germany<ref name=washington/></br>France<ref name=washington/>
| current_destination    = [[Mars]]
| Major_Contractors = 
| Mission_Type = [[Lander (spacecraft)|Lander]]
| Orbital_Insertion_Date = 
| Launch = 2016 <ref name=washington/>
| Launch_Vehicle = 
| Decay =
| Mission_Duration = 
| NSSDC_ID =
| Webpage = http://insight.jpl.nasa.gov
| Mass = 
| Power = [[Photovoltaic system|Solar]]
}}

InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) is a spacecraft mission to Mars planned to launch in March 2016. It will place a stationary lander equipped with a seismometer and heat flow probe on the surface of Mars to study the earliest evolution of the Solar System’s terrestrial planets — Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars — and Earth’s moon. Inheriting technology from NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander, the InSight lander is a low-risk, low-cost mission with significant science implications across disciplines.

History

InSight was one of the three Discovery Program finalists reciving US$3 million in May 2011 to develop a detailed concept study. The other two missions were the Titan Mare Explorer and Comet Hopper. After a review in August 2012 InSight was selected for development and launch.

Managed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) with participation from scientists around the world, the mission will be cost-capped at US$425 million, not including launch vehicle funding.

Terrestrial Planet Interiors (Earth, Mars and Moon) - Artist's Concept

The InSight lander will be sent to Mars, one of the four terrestrial worlds in our solar system and a hot spot for study into planetary formation. In terms of fundamental processes shaping planetary formation, Mars contains the most in-depth and accurate historical record, because it is big enough to have undergone the earliest accretion and internal heating processes that shaped the terrestrial planets, but small enough to have retained the signature of those processes.

By studying the size, thickness, density and overall structure of Mars' core, mantle and crust, as well as the rate at which heat escapes from the planet's interior, InSight will provide a glimpse into the evolutionary processes of all of the rocky planets in the inner solar system.

InSight was initially known as GEMS (Geophysical Monitoring Station), but changed its name in early 2012 at the request of NASA.

Objectives

InSight will place a single stationary lander on Mars to study its deep interior and address a fundamental issue of planetary and solar system science: understanding the processes that shaped the rocky planets of the inner solar system (including Earth) more than four billion years ago.

InSight’s primary objective is to study the earliest evolutionary history of all the terrestrial planets in the solar system, including Earth, by conducting an advanced study into the processes that shaped Mars. The rocky inner planets share a common ancestry that begins with a process called accretion. As the body increases in size, its interior heats up and evolves to become a terrestrial planet, containing a core, mantle and crust. Despite this common ancestry, each of the terrestrial planets is later shaped and molded through a poorly understood process called differentiation. It is the InSight mission's goal to improve understanding of this process and, by extension, terrestrial evolution, by measuring the planetary building blocks shaped by differentiation: a terrestrial planet's core, mantle and crust.

It will determine if there is any seismic activity, the amount of heat flow from the interior, the size of Mars core and whether the core is liquid or solid. The mission's secondary objective is to conduct an in-depth study of geophysics, tectonic activity and meteorite impacts on Mars, which could provide knowledge about such processes on Earth.

Because InSight is planned to be powered by a photovoltaic system, it would land in the equator to enable a projected lifetime of 2 years (or 1 Mars year).

Payload

InSights wissenschaftliche Nutzlast science payload would consist of two main instruments:

• The Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) will take precise measurements of quakes and other internal activity on Mars to better understand the planet's history and structure. SEIS is provided by the French Space Agency (CNES), with the participation of the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Imperial College, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE) and JPL.

• The Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3) instrument, provided by the German Space Agency (DLR), is a heat flow probe that will hammer Vorlage:Convert into the Martian subsurface, deeper than all previous arms, scoops, drills and probes, to learn how much heat is coming from Mars' core and reveal the planet's thermal history. It has been nicknamed "the mole".

In addition to the above instruments, an investigation called the Rotation and Interior Structure Experiment (RISE), will use the spacecraft's communication system to provide precise measurements of planetary rotation to better understand how Mars is built.

Insight will incorporate a camera mounted on the arm of the lander that will serve to capture black and white images of the instruments on the lander's deck and a 3-D view of the ground where the seismometer and heat flow probe will be placed. It will then be used to help engineers and scientists guide the deployment of the instruments to the ground. With a 45-degree field of view, the camera will also provide a panoramic view of the terrain surrounding the landing site. A second similar camera, with a wide-angle 120-degree field of view lens will be mounted under the edge of the lander's deck and will provide a complementary view of the instrument deployment area.

Team and participation

The InSight team includes scientists and engineers from multiple disciplines, countries and organizations. The science team includes co-investigators from the U.S., France, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Japan, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Mars Exploration Rover project scientist Bruce Banerdt, a planetary geophysicist with a career-long interest in the processes that change the surfaces of planets, is the principal investigator for the InSight mission and the lead for the SEIS instrument. Suzanne Smrekar, whose research focuses on the thermal evolution of planets and who has done extensive testing and development on instruments designed to measure the thermal properties and heat flow on other planets, is the lead for InSight's HP3 instrument. Sami Asmar, an expert in advanced studies using radio waves, is the lead for InSight's RISE investigation. The InSight mission team also includes project manager Tom Hoffman and deputy project manager Henry Stone.

http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Insight-NASA-bewilligt-Mars-Mission-fuer-2016-1671145.html

See also

• Comparison of embedded computer systems on board the Mars rovers
• Curiosity rover
• Exploration of Mars
• ExoMars - Orbiter/rover
• List of artificial objects on Mars
• Mars Exploration Rover
• Mars Express orbiter
• Mars rover
• Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
• Mars Science Laboratory
• Odyssey orbiter
• Opportunity rover
• Scientific information from the Mars Exploration Rover mission
• Sojourner rover
• Spirit rover

External links

• InSight (NASA website)