„Vibrio vulnificus“ – Versionsunterschied

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{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
⚫
| Taxon_WissName = ''Vibrio vulnificus''
| color = lightgrey
| Taxon_Rang = Gattung
⚫
| name = ''Vibrio vulnificus''
| Taxon_Autor = [[Filippo Pacini|Pacini]] 1854
⚫
| image = Vibrio vulnificus_01.png
| Taxon2_WissName = Vibrionaceae
| image_width = 240px
| Taxon2_Rang = Familie
| image_caption = [[False-color]] [[Scanning electron microscope|SEM]] image of ''Vibrio vulnificus''
| Taxon3_WissName = Vibrionales
| Taxon3_Rang = Ordnung
| Taxon4_WissName = Gammaproteobacteria
| Taxon4_Rang = Klasse
| Taxon5_WissName = Proteobacteria
| Taxon5_Rang = Abteilung
| Taxon6_WissName = Bakterien
| Taxon6_Rang = Domäne
⚫
| Bild = Vibrio vulnificus_01.png
| Bildbeschreibung = SEM von ''Vibrio vulnificus''
⚫
}}

<!--
| regnum = [[Bacterium|Bacteria]]
| regnum = [[Bacterium|Bacteria]]
| phylum = [[Proteobacteria]]
| phylum = [[Proteobacteria]]
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| binomial = ''Vibrio vulnificus''
| binomial = ''Vibrio vulnificus''
| binomial_authority = ([[Hugo Reichelt|Reichelt]] et al. 1979)<br>[[Mark A. Farmer|Farmer]] 1980
| binomial_authority = ([[Hugo Reichelt|Reichelt]] et al. 1979)<br>[[Mark A. Farmer|Farmer]] 1980
-->
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}}

'''''Vibrio vulnificus''''' is a species of [[Gram-negative]], motile, curved, rod-shaped [[Bacterium|bacteria]] in the genus ''[[Vibrio]]''. Present in marine environments such as [[Estuary|estuaries]], brackish ponds, or coastal areas, ''V. vulnificus'' is closely related to ''[[Vibrio cholerae|''V. cholerae'']]'', the causative agent of [[cholera]].<ref name=Doyle_2001_species>{{cite book | author = Oliver JD, Kaper J | title = Vibrio species. pp. 263-300 In: Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers. (Doyle MP et al., editors) | edition = 2nd | publisher = ASM Press | year = 2001 | isbn = 1555811175 }}</ref><sup>,</sup><ref name=Oliver_2005_Wound>{{cite journal | author=Oliver JD | title=Wound infections caused by Vibrio vulnificus and other marine bacteria | journal=Epidemiol Infect | year=2005 | pages=383–91 | volume=133 | issue=3 | pmid=15962544 | doi=10.1017/S0950268805003894}}</ref> Infection with ''V. vulnificus'' leads to rapidly expanding [[cellulitis]] or [[septicemia]].<ref name="Andrews">{{cite book |author=James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. |title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology |publisher=Saunders Elsevier |location= |year=2006 |pages= |isbn=0-7216-2921-0 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref>{{rp|279}}
'''''Vibrio vulnificus''''' ist eine Art [[Gram-negativ]]er, motiler, curved, rod-shaped [[Bakterien]] in the genus ''[[Vibrio]]''. Present in marine environments such as [[Estuary|estuaries]], brackish ponds, or coastal areas, ''V. vulnificus'' is closely related to ''[[Vibrio cholerae|''V. cholerae'']]'', the causative agent of [[cholera]].<ref name=Doyle_2001_species>{{cite book | author = Oliver JD, Kaper J | title = Vibrio species. pp. 263-300 In: Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers. (Doyle MP et al., editors) | edition = 2nd | publisher = ASM Press | year = 2001 | isbn = 1555811175 }}</ref><sup>,</sup><ref name=Oliver_2005_Wound>{{cite journal | author=Oliver JD | title=Wound infections caused by Vibrio vulnificus and other marine bacteria | journal=Epidemiol Infect | year=2005 | pages=383–91 | volume=133 | issue=3 | pmid=15962544 | doi=10.1017/S0950268805003894}}</ref> Infection with ''V. vulnificus'' leads to rapidly expanding [[cellulitis]] or [[septicemia]].<ref name="Andrews">{{cite book |author=James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. |title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology |publisher=Saunders Elsevier |location= |year=2006 |pages= |isbn=0-7216-2921-0 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref>{{rp|279}}


==Clinical features==
==Clinical features==
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Health officials clearly identified strains of ''V. vulnificus'' infections among evacuees from [[Effect of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans|New Orleans]] due to the flooding there caused by [[Hurricane Katrina]].<ref>{{cite news | first=Scott | last=Gold | pages= | title=Newest Peril from Flooding Is Disease | date=September 6, 2005 | publisher=Los Angeles Times }}</ref>
Health officials clearly identified strains of ''V. vulnificus'' infections among evacuees from [[Effect of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans|New Orleans]] due to the flooding there caused by [[Hurricane Katrina]].<ref>{{cite news | first=Scott | last=Gold | pages= | title=Newest Peril from Flooding Is Disease | date=September 6, 2005 | publisher=Los Angeles Times }}</ref>


==References==
==Quellen==
<references />
{{Reflist|2}}


== External links ==
== Weblinks ==
*[http://textbookofbacteriology.net/V.vulnificus.html Large and detailed article on ''V. vulnificus'' at ''Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology'']
*[http://textbookofbacteriology.net/V.vulnificus.html Ausführlicher Artikel zu ''V. vulnificus'' in ''Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology'' (engl.)]


{{Gram-negative bacterial diseases}}


[[Kategorie:Bakterium]]
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
[[Kategorie:Krankheitserreger]]
[[Category:Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions]]
[[Category:Vibrionales]]
[[Category:Water-borne diseases]]


[[cs:Vibrio vulnificus]]
[[cs:Vibrio vulnificus]]
[[da:Vibrio vulnificus]]
[[da:Vibrio vulnificus]]
[[en:Vibrio vulnificus]]
[[es:Vibrio vulnificus]]
[[es:Vibrio vulnificus]]
[[ja:ビブリオ・バルニフィカス]]
[[ja:ビブリオ・バルニフィカス]]

Version vom 7. September 2009, 23:02 Uhr

'Vibrio vulnificus'

SEM von Vibrio vulnificus

Systematik
Domäne: Bakterien
Abteilung: Proteobacteria
Klasse: Gammaproteobacteria
Ordnung: Vibrionales
Familie: Vibrionaceae
Gattung: 'Vibrio vulnificus'
Wissenschaftlicher Name
'Vibrio vulnificus'
Pacini 1854


Vibrio vulnificus ist eine Art Gram-negativer, motiler, curved, rod-shaped Bakterien in the genus Vibrio. Present in marine environments such as estuaries, brackish ponds, or coastal areas, V. vulnificus is closely related to V. cholerae, the causative agent of cholera.[1],[2] Infection with V. vulnificus leads to rapidly expanding cellulitis or septicemia.[3]:279

Clinical features

Vibrio vulnificus causes an infection often incurred after eating seafood, especially oysters; the bacteria can also enter the body through open wounds when swimming or wading in infected waters,[2] or via puncture wounds from the spines of fish such as tilapia. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and a blistering dermatitis that is sometimes mistaken for pemphigus or pemphigoid.

In people with compromised immune systems such as in chronic liver disease, a cut infected with Vibrio bacteria can quickly become worse and spread into the bloodstream. Severe symptoms and even death can then occur.[4]

Treatment

Vibrio vulnificus infection has a low mortality. In patients in which the infection worsens into septicaemia, however, the mortality rate rises dramatically to 50% with the majority of patients dying within the first 48 hours of infection. The optimal treatment is not known, but in one retrospective study of 93 patients in Taiwan, use of a third-generation cephalosporin and a tetracycline (e.g., ceftriaxone and doxycycline, respectively) were associated with an improved outcome.[5] Prospective clinical trials are needed to confirm this finding, but in vitro data supports the supposition that this combination is synergistic against Vibrio vulnificus.

Vibrio vulnificus often causes large, disfiguring ulcers which require extensive debridement or even amputation.

Prognosis

The worst prognosis is in those patients who arrive at hospital in a state of shock. Total mortality in treated patients is around 33%.[5]

Those patients who are especially vulnerable, including those with immunocompromised states (cancer, bone marrow suppression, HIV, diabetes, etc.) With these cases, V. vulnificus usually enters the bloodstream, where it may cause fever and chills, septic shock (with sharply decreased blood pressure), and blistering skin lesions.[6] According to the CDC, about half of those who contract blood infections die.

Vibrio vulnificus infections also disproportionately affect males; 85% of those who develop endotoxic shock from the bacteria are male. Females who have had an oophorectomy experienced increased mortality rates, as estrogen is believed to have a protective effect against V. vulnificus.[7]

Historical

Health officials clearly identified strains of V. vulnificus infections among evacuees from New Orleans due to the flooding there caused by Hurricane Katrina.[8]

Quellen

  1. ↑ Oliver JD, Kaper J: Vibrio species. pp. 263-300 In: Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers. (Doyle MP et al., editors). 2nd Auflage. ASM Press, 2001, ISBN 1-55581-117-5.
  2. ↑ a b Oliver JD: Wound infections caused by Vibrio vulnificus and other marine bacteria. In: Epidemiol Infect. 133. Jahrgang, Nr. 3, 2005, S. 383–91, doi:10.1017/S0950268805003894, PMID 15962544.
  3. ↑ James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al.: Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier, 2006, ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
  4. ↑ Vibrio vulnificus. In: NCBI Genome Project. Abgerufen am 1. September 2005.
  5. ↑ a b Liu JW, Lee IK, Tang HJ, et al.: Prognostic factors and antibiotics in Vibrio vulnificus septicemia. 166. Jahrgang, Nr. 19, 2006, S. 2117–23, PMID 17060542.
  6. ↑ Oliver JD, Kaper J: Vibrio vulnificus. In: Oceans and Health: Pathogens in the Marine Environment. (Belken SS, Colwell RR, editors). 2nd Auflage. Springer Science, 2005, ISBN 0-387-23708-9.
  7. ↑ Merkel SM, Alexander S, Zufall E, Oliver JD, Huet-Hudson YM: Essential Role for Estrogen in Protection against Vibrio vulnificus-Induced Endotoxic Shock. In: Infection and Immunity. 69. Jahrgang, Nr. 10, 2001, S. 6119–22, doi:10.1128/IAI.69.10.6119-6122.2001, PMID 11553550.
  8. ↑ Scott Gold: Newest Peril from Flooding Is Disease, Los Angeles Times, September 6, 2005 
Abgerufen von „https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vibrio_vulnificus&oldid=64256933“