Liste der Dirigenten der Bayreuther Festspiele
Die Liste der Dirigenten der Bayreuther Festspiele umfasst alle musikalischen Leiter der Bayreuther Festspiele, geordnet nach dem Alphabet, seit Beginn der Festspiele im Jahr 1876. In Bayreuth werden traditionell nur sieben der Opernwerke von Richard Wagner (1813–1983) aufgeführt. Der Ring des Nibelungen besteht dabei aus jeweils vier Abenden (Das Rheingold, Die Walküre, Siegfried, Götterdämmerung). Zusätzlich stand in sechs Jahrgängen (1933, 1951, 1953, 1954, 1963, 2001) die 9. Sinfonie von Ludwig van Beethoven im Programm.
Nur zwei Dirigenten, Felix Mottl und Christian Thielemann, waren bei allen unterschiedlichen Opern mindestens einmal eingesetzt. Sechs Dirigenten führten fünf der Opernwerke auf: Karl Böhm, Wilhelm Furtwängler, Berislav Klobučar, Horst Stein, sowie Richard Wagners Sohn Siegfried Wagner (1869–1930).
Die erste Dirigentin bei den Bayreuther Festspielen war Oksana Lyniv 2021. Ihr folgten Nathalie Stutzmann (2023) und Simone Young (2024).
Statistik
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Dirigenten mit mehrfacher Festspiel-Teilnahme
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]| Dirigent | Von | Bis | Spanne (Jahre) | Festspiel-Jahrgänge | Anzahl (Festspiele) | Werke- Anzahl * |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hermann Abendroth | 1943 | 1944 | 1 | 1943–44 | 2 | 1 |
| Marc Albrecht | 2003 | 2006 | 3 | 2003–06 | 4 | 1 |
| Michael Balling | 1904 | 1925 | 21 | 1904, 1906, 1908–09, 1911–12, 1914, 1924–25 | 9 | 3 |
| Daniel Barenboim | 1981 | 1999 | 18 | 1981–83, 1986–99 | 17 | 4 |
| Franz Beidler | 1904 | 1906 | 2 | 1904, 1906 | 2 | 2 |
| Karl Böhm | 1962 | 1976 | 14 | 1962–65, 1967–71, 1976 | 10 | 6 |
| Pierre Boulez | 1966 | 2005 | 39 | 1966–68, 1970, 1976–80, 2004–05 | 11 | 2 |
| Semjon Bytschkow | 2018 | 2025 | 7 | 2018–19, 2024–25 | 4 | 2 |
| André Cluytens | 1955 | 1965 | 10 | 1955–58, 1965 | 5 | 4 |
| Dennis Russell Davies | 1978 | 1980 | 2 | 1978–80 | 3 | 1 |
| Sir Andrew Davis | 2002 | 2003 | 1 | 2002–03 | 2 | 1 |
| Colin Davis | 1977 | 1978 | 1 | 1977–78 | 2 | 1 |
| Karl Elmendorff | 1927 | 1942 | 15 | 1927, 1930–34, 1938–42 | 11 | 4 |
| Ádám Fischer | 2001 | 2007 | 6 | 2001–04, 2006–07 | 6 | 2 |
| Franz Fischer | 1882 | 1899 | 17 | 1882–84, 1899 | 4 | 1 |
| Wilhelm Furtwängler | 1931 | 1954 | 23 | 1931, 1936–37, 1943–44, 1951, 1954 | 7 | 6 |
| Daniele Gatti | 2008 | 2025 | 17 | 2008–11, 2025 | 5 | 2 |
| Hartmut Haenchen | 2016 | 2017 | 1 | 2016–17 | 2 | 1 |
| Pablo Heras-Casado | 2023 | 2025 | 2 | 2023–25 | 3 | 1 |
| Franz von Hoeßlin | 1927 | 1940 | 13 | 1927–28, 1934, 1938–40 | 6 | 2 |
| Heinrich Hollreiser | 1973 | 1975 | 2 | 1973–75 | 3 | 2 |
| Pietari Inkinen | 2021 | 2023 | 2 | 2021, 2023 | 2 | 1 |
| Marek Janowski | 2016 | 2017 | 1 | 2016–17 | 2 | 2 |
| Eugen Jochum | 1953 | 1973 | 20 | 1953–54, 1971–73 | 5 | 4 |
| Philippe Jordan | 2012 | 2021 | 9 | 2012, 2017–19, 2021 | 5 | 2 |
| Willibald Kaehler | 1924 | 1925 | 1 | 1924–25 | 2 | 1 |
| Herbert von Karajan | 1951 | 1952 | 1 | 1951–52 | 2 | 3 |
| Joseph Keilberth | 1952 | 1956 | 4 | 1952–56 | 5 | 4 |
| Rudolf Kempe | 1960 | 1967 | 7 | 1960–63, 1967 | 5 | 2 |
| Carlos Kleiber | 1974 | 1976 | 2 | 1974–76 | 3 | 1 |
| Berislav Klobučar | 1964 | 1969 | 5 | 1964, 1967–69 | 4 | 5 |
| Hans Knappertsbusch | 1951 | 1964 | 13 | 1951–52, 1954–64 | 14 | 4 |
| Axel Kober | 2013 | 2025 | 12 | 2013–16, 2018, 2021–22, 2025 | 8 | 3 |
| Erich Leinsdorf | 1959 | 1972 | 13 | 1959, 1972 | 2 | 2 |
| Hermann Levi | 1882 | 1894 | 12 | 1882–84, 1886, 1889, 1891–92, 1894 | 8 | 1 |
| James Levine | 1982 | 1998 | 16 | 1982–85, 1988–98 | 16 | 2 |
| Oksana Lyniv | 2021 | 2024 | 3 | 2021–24 | 4 | 1 |
| Lorin Maazel | 1960 | 1969 | 9 | 1960, 1968–69 | 3 | 2 |
| Felix Mottl | 1886 | 1906 | 20 | 1892, 1894, 1886, 1888–89, 1891–92, 1896–97, 1901–02, 1906 | 12 | 7 |
| Karl Muck | 1901 | 1930 | 29 | 1901–02, 1904, 1906, 1908–09, 1911–12, 1914, 1924–25, 1927–28, 1930 | 14 | 3 |
| Andris Nelsons | 2010 | 2014 | 4 | 2010–14 | 5 | 1 |
| Woldemar Nelsson | 1980 | 1985 | 5 | 1980–82, 1984–85 | 5 | 2 |
| Antonio Pappano | 1999 | 2001 | 2 | 1999–2001 | 3 | 1 |
| Kirill Petrenko | 2013 | 2015 | 2 | 2013–2015 | 3 | 1 |
| Markus Poschner | 2022 | 2023 | 1 | 2022–23 | 2 | 1 |
| Hans Richter | 1876 | 1912 | 36 | 1876, 1888–89, 1892, 1896–97, 1899, 1901–02, 1904, 1906, 1908, 1911–12 | 14 | 2 |
| Donald C. Runnicles | 1992 | 1995 | 3 | 1992–93, 1995 | 3 | 1 |
| Wolfgang Sawallisch | 1957 | 1962 | 5 | 1957–62 | 6 | 4 |
| Peter Schneider | 1981 | 2012 | 31 | 1981–82, 1984–91, 1993–94, 1998–99, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2011–12 | 20 | 4 |
| Michael Schønwandt | 1987 | 1988 | 1 | 1987–88 | 2 | 1 |
| Giuseppe Sinopoli | 1985 | 2000 | 15 | 1985–87, 1989–2000, | 14 | 4 |
| Horst Stein | 1969 | 1986 | 17 | 1969–84, 1986 | 17 | 5 |
| Richard Strauss | 1894 | 1933 | 39 | 1894, 1933–34 | 3 | 2 |
| Nathalie Stutzmann | 2023 | 2024 | 1 | 2023–24 | 2 | 1 |
| Otmar Suitner | 1964 | 1967 | 3 | 1964–67 | 4 | 3 |
| Christian Thielemann | 2000 | 2025 | 25 | 2000–10, 2012–19, 2021–22, 2025 | 22 | 7 |
| Heinz Tietjen | 1933 | 1959 | 26 | 1933–34, 1936–39, 1941, 1959 | 8 | 3 |
| Arturo Toscanini | 1930 | 1931 | 1 | 1930–31 | 2 | 3 |
| Silvio Varviso | 1969 | 1974 | 5 | 1969–74 | 6 | 3 |
| Siegfried Wagner | 1896 | 1928 | 32 | 1896–97, 1899, 1901–02, 1904, 1906, 1908–09, 1911–12, 1914, 1928 | 13 | 5 |
| Hans Wallat | 1970 | 1971 | 1 | 1970–71 | 2 | 2 |
| Sebastian Weigle | 2007 | 2011 | 4 | 2007–11 | 5 | 1 |
| Simone Young | 2024 | 2025 | 1 | 2024–25 | 2 | 1 |
* Anzahl unterschiedlicher in Bayreuth dirigierter Werke
Dirigenten mit einmaliger Festspiel-Teilnahme
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Clemens Krauss dirigierte zwei Werke, alle anderen Dirigenten waren nur bei einem Werk eingesetzt.
| Dirigent | Jahr |
|---|---|
| Alain Altinoglu | 2015 |
| Fritz Busch | 1924 |
| Placido Domingo | 2018 |
| Mark Elder | 1981 |
| Alberto Erede | 1968 |
| Christoph Eschenbach | 2000 |
| Waleri Gergijew | 2019 |
| Robert Heger | 1964 |
| Thomas Hengelbrock | 2011 |
| Paul Hindemith | 1953 |
| Richard Kraus | 1942 |
| Clemens Krauss | 1953 |
| Josef Krips | 1961 |
| Ferdinand Leitner | 1960 |
| Lovro von Matačić | 1959 |
| Christoph Ulrich Meier | 2007 |
| Cornelius Meister | 2022 |
| Carl Melles | 1966 |
| Eiji Ōue | 2005 |
| Victor de Sabata | 1939 |
| Thomas Schippers | 1963 |
| Anton Seidl | 1897 |
| Georg Solti | 1983 |
| Peter Tilling | 2011 |
| Edo de Waart | 1979 |
| Hans Zender | 1975 |
In Bayreuth dirigierte Werke
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]| Dirigent | Werke- Anzahl* | Holländer | Lohengrin | Meistersinger | Parsifal | Ring | Tannhäuser | Tristan | 9. Sinf.** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hermann Abendroth | 1 | 1943–44 | |||||||
| Marc Albrecht | 1 | 2003–06 | |||||||
| Alain Altinoglu | 1 | 2015 | |||||||
| Michael Balling | 3 | 1904, 1906, 1908, 1911–12 | 1909, 1911–12, 1914, 1924–25 | 1906 | |||||
| Daniel Barenboim | 4 | 1996–99 | 1987 | 1988–92 | 1981–83, 1986–87, 1993–97, 1999 | ||||
| Franz Beidler | 2 | 1906 | 1904 | ||||||
| Karl Böhm | 6 | 1971 | 1968 | 1964, 1968, 1976 | 1965–67 | 1962–64, 1966, 1968–70 | 1963 | ||
| Pierre Boulez | 2 | 1966–68, 1970, 2004–05 | 1976–80 | ||||||
| Fritz Busch | 1 | 1924 | |||||||
| Semyon Bychkov | 2 | 2018–19 | 2024–25 | ||||||
| André Cluytens | 4 | 1958 | 1956–58 | 1957, 1965 | 1955, 1965 | ||||
| Dennis Russell Davies | 1 | 1978–80 | |||||||
| Andrew Davis | 1 | 2002–03 | |||||||
| Colin Davis | 1 | 1977–78 | |||||||
| Placido Domingo | 1/4 | 2018 (Die Walküre) | |||||||
| Mark Elder | 1 | 1981 | |||||||
| Karl Elmendorff | 4 | 1939–41 | 1933–34 | 1930–34, 1942 | 1927, 1927, 1938 | ||||
| Alberto Erede | 1 | 1968 | |||||||
| Christoph Eschenbach | 1 | 2000 | |||||||
| Ádám Fischer | 2 | 2006–07 | 2001–04 | ||||||
| Franz Fischer | 1 | 1882–84, 1899 | |||||||
| Wilhelm Furtwängler | 6 | 1936 | 1943–44 | 1936–37 | 1936–37 | 1931 | 1951, 1954 | ||
| Daniele Gatti | 2 | 2025 | 2008–11 | ||||||
| Waleri Gergijew | 1 | 2019 | |||||||
| Hartmut Haenchen | 1 | 2016–17 | |||||||
| Robert Heger | 1 | 1964 | |||||||
| Thomas Hengelbrock | 1 | 2011 | |||||||
| Pablo Heras-Casado | 1 | 2023–25 | |||||||
| Paul Hindemith | 1 | 1953 | |||||||
| Franz von Hoeßlin | 2 | 1934, 1938–39 | 1927–28, 1940 | ||||||
| Heinrich Hollreiser | 2 | 1975 | 1973–74 | ||||||
| Marek Janowski | 2 | 2017 | 2016–17 | ||||||
| Eugen Jochum | 4 | 1954 | 1971–73 | 1954 | 1953 | ||||
| Philippe Jordan | 2 | 2017–19, 2021 | 2012 | ||||||
| Willibald Kaehler | 1 | 1924–25 | |||||||
| Herbert von Karajan | 3 | 1951 | 1951 | 1952 | |||||
| Joseph Keilberth | 4 | 1955–56 | 1953–54 | 1952–56 | 1954–55 | ||||
| Rudolf Kempe | 2 | 1967 | 1960–63 | ||||||
| Carlos Kleiber | 1 | 1974–76 | |||||||
| Berislav Klobučar | 5 | 1967 | 1968–69 | 1964 | 1967 | 1968 | |||
| Hans Knappertsbusch | 4 | 1955 | 1951–52, 1960 | 1951–52, 1954–64 | 1951, 1956–58 | ||||
| Axel Kober | 3 | 2015–16, 2018–22 | 2025 | 2013–14 | |||||
| Richard Kraus | 1 | 1942 | |||||||
| Clemens Krauss | 2 | 1953 | 1953 | ||||||
| Josef Krips | 1 | 1961 | |||||||
| Erich Leinsdorf | 2 | 1959 | 1972 | ||||||
| Ferdinand Leitner | 1 | 1960 | |||||||
| Hermann Levi | 1 | 1882–84, 1986, 1889, 1891–92, 1894 | |||||||
| James Levine | 2 | 1982–85, 1988–93 | 1994–98 | ||||||
| Oksana Lyniv | 1 | 2021–24 | |||||||
| Lorin Maazel | 2 | 1960 | 1968–69 | ||||||
| Lovro von Matačić | 1 | 1959 | |||||||
| Christoph Ulrich Meier | 1 | 2007 | |||||||
| Cornelius Meister | 1 | 2022 | |||||||
| Carl Melles | 1 | 1966 | |||||||
| Felix Mottl | 7 | 1901–02 | 1894 | 1892 | 1888, 1894, 1897, 1902 | 1896 | 1891–92 | 1886, 1889, 1891–92, 1906 | |
| Karl Muck | 3 | 1909 | 1925 | 1901–02, 1904, 1906, 1908, 1911–12, 1914, 1924–25, 1927–28, 1930 | |||||
| Andris Nelsons | 1 | 2010–14 | |||||||
| Woldemar Nelsson | 2 | 1984–85 | 1980–82 | ||||||
| Eiji Ōue | 1 | 2005 | |||||||
| Antonio Pappano | 1 | 1999–2001 | |||||||
| Kirill Petrenko | 1 | 2013–15 | |||||||
| Markus Poschner | 1 | 2022–23 | |||||||
| Hans Richter | 2 | 1888–89, 1892, 1899, 1911–12 | 1876, 1896–97, 1901–02, 1904, 1906, 1908 | ||||||
| Donald C. Runnicles | 1 | 1992–93, 1995 | |||||||
| Victor de Sabata | 1 | 1939 | |||||||
| Wolfgang Sawallisch | 4 | 1959–61 | 1962 | 1961–62 | 1957–59 | ||||
| Thomas Schippers | 1 | 1963 | |||||||
| Peter Schneider | 4 | 1981–82, 1994, 1998–99 | 1987–91, 1993, 2005 | 1984–86 | 2006, 2008–09, 2011–12 | ||||
| Michael Schønwandt | 1 | 1987–88 | |||||||
| Anton Seidl | 1 | 1897 | |||||||
| Giuseppe Sinopoli | 4 | 1990–93 | 1994–99 | 2000 | 1985–87, 1989 | ||||
| Georg Solti | 1 | 1983 | |||||||
| Horst Stein | 5 | 1982–84, 1986 | 1969, 1975–81 | 1970–75 | 1972 | 1976–77 | |||
| Richard Strauss | 3 | 1933–34 | 1894 | 1933 | |||||
| Nathalie Stutzmann | 1 | 2023–24 | |||||||
| Otmar Suitner | 3 | 1965 | 1966–67 | 1964 | |||||
| Christian Thielemann | 8 | 2012–14 | 2018–20, 2022, 2025 | 2000–02 | 2001 | 2006–10 | 2002–05, 2012, 2019 | 2015–19 | 2001 |
| Heinz Tietjen | 3 | 1936–37, 1959 | 1933–34 | 1934, 1936, 1938–39, 1941 | |||||
| Peter Tilling | 1 | 2011 | |||||||
| Arturo Toscanini | 3 | 1931 | 1930–31 | 1930 | |||||
| Silvio Varviso | 3 | 1969–70 | 1971–72 | 1973–74 | |||||
| Edo de Waart | 1 | 1979 | |||||||
| Siegfried Wagner | 5 | 1914 | 1908–09 | 1909 | 1896–97, 1899, 1901–02, 1906, 1911–12, 1928 | 1904 | |||
| Hans Wallat | 2 | 1971 | 1970 | ||||||
| Sebastian Weigle | 1 | 2007–11 | |||||||
| Simone Young | 1 | 2024–25 | |||||||
| Hans Zender | 1 | 1975 | |||||||
| Dirigent | Werke- Anzahl* | Hol- länder | Lohen- grin | Meister- singer | Parsifal | Ring | Tann- häuser | Tristan | 9. Sinf.** |
* Anzahl unterschiedlicher in Bayreuth dirigierter Werke
** 9. Sinfonie von Ludwig van Beethoven
Literatur
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]- Ernst Voss: Die Dirigenten der Bayreuther Festspiele. Gustav Bosse Verlag, Regensburg 1976