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Die Oorang Indians waren ein American-Football-Team in der National Football League (NFL) der Vereinigten Staaten. Das Team spielte in den Jahren 1922 und 1923 in der Liga. Alle Spieler der Mannschaft stammten waren Native American.
Geschichte
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]1921 lernten sich der Airedale-Terrier-Züchter Walter Lingo und Jim Thorpe, Olympiassieger und Sportsikone, kennen. Thorpe war 1920 Präsident der Vorgängerliga der NFL der American Professional Football Association gewesen. Lingo war neben seiner Passion als Hundezüchter von der indianischen Kultur begeistert. Die beiden kamen überein, zum beiderseitigen Vorteil eine NFL-Franchise zu übernehmen. Jim Thorpe und andere Indianer sollten die Mannschaft bilden, während Lingo alles finanziert. Im Gegenzug sollten das Team amerikaweit Werbung für die Airedale-Zucht machen. Da es in LaRue, dem Wohnort von Lingo, kein Football-Spielfeld gab, sollten die Spiele im benachbarten Marion ausgetragen werden. Für 100 Dollar wurde das Franchise erworben.
Thorpe stellte anschließend die Mannschaft zusammen. Ein wichtiger Punkt war, dass die Spieler eine indianische Abstammung nachweisen konnten. Durch Walter Lingo wurden Ausstellungen und Vorführungen konzipiert, die vor dem Spiel und in der Halbzeitpause durchgeführt wurden. Dazu kamen noch verschiedene Vorführungen von indianischen traditionen (Tanz, Messerwerfen, Tomahawk-Werfen).
Statistik
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]| Saison | Siege | Niederlagen | Unentschieden | Punkte erzielt | Punkte zugelassen | Platzierung | Head Coach |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1922 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 69 | 190 | 11. (von 18) | Jim Thorpe |
| 1923 | 1 | 10 | 0 | 50 | 257 | 18. (von 20) |
Mitglieder in der Pro Football Hall of Fame
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]| Oorang Indians Hall of Famers | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Position | Spielzeit | Aufnahme in die HOF |
| Joe Guyon | Halfback | 1922-1923 | 1966 |
| Jim Thorpe | Back, Headcoach | 1922-1923 | 1963 |
Namhafte Spieler
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Literatur
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Weblinks
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten], die nur zwei Jahre (1922/1923) am Spielbetrieb teilnahmen.
Die Indians waren offiziell in La Rue, Ohio in der Nähe von Marion, angesiedelt. Ihr einziges Heimspiel, welches am 8. Oktober 1922 mit 20:6 gegen die Columbus Panhandles gewonnen werden konnte, fand jedoch in Marion statt.[1] La Rue, das heute 775 Einwohner hat, war der kleinste Ort, der je ein NFL-Team beherbergte. Das Team zeichnete sich auch dadurch aus, dass alle Spieler Indianer waren unter der Führung des Spielertrainers Jim Thorpe.
Der Name des Teams stammt von den Oorang-Hundezucht, dessen Besitzer Walter Lingo das Team gründete. Von den 20 Spielen, die die Oorang Indians in ihrer Existenz spielten, war nur eines ein Heimspiel.
== Pro Football Hall of Famers ==
== Statistik ==
| Jahr | S | N | U | Position | Trainer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1922 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 12. | Jim Thorpe |
| 1923 | 1 | 10 | 0 | 18. | Jim Thorpe |
The Oorang Indians (Vorlage:IPAc-en) were a traveling team in the National Football League from LaRue, Ohio (near Marion). The franchise was a novelty team put together by Walter Lingo to market his Oorang (Airedale Terrier) dog kennels. All of the Indians players were Native American, with Jim Thorpe serving as its leading player and coach. The team played in the National Football League in 1922 and 1923. Of the 20 games they played over two seasons, only one was played at "home" in nearby Marion. With a population well under a thousand people, LaRue remains the smallest town ever to have been the home of an NFL franchise, or probably any professional team in any league in the United States.[2]
==History== ===Beginnings===
In 1919 Oorang Kennel owner, Walter Lingo, met and became friends with Jim Thorpe of the Canton Bulldogs, a future Pro Football Hall of Famer who was considered the greatest athlete of his time. Lingo had a deep passion for the Airedales, which he raised, and for Native American culture.[3] LaRue, Ohio, was once the site of an old Wyandot village and Lingo believed that a supernatural bond existed between the Indians and the Airedales. Thorpe first came to Lingo's defense after neighboring farmers accused Lingo's Oorang Kennels of raising "a nation of sheep killers". Thorpe came to Lingo's aid by testifying that he once knew an Oorang Airedale that had saved the life of a 6-year-old girl, named Mabel, from being trampled by a bull. Afterwards, Lingo and Thorpe became friends and soon began hunting together.
In 1921, Lingo invited Thorpe and Pete Calac, who was a teammate of Thorpe's at the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania, to his plantation in LaRue to hunt for opossum. It was on this trip that the men agreed on a way to both advertise Airedales and to employ Thorpe, who after dominating the Ohio League for much of the late 1910s was no longer to lead his Canton Bulldogs to championships in a broader national league. Lingo would purchase a franchise in the young National Football League, and Thorpe would run the team. At the time, the cost of purchasing an NFL franchise was $100 (1.616).Vorlage:Inflation/fn Meanwhile, just one of Lingo's Airedales sold for $150 (2.425).Vorlage:Inflation/fn Lingo saw the idea of a franchise as a way of touring the country's leading cities for the express purpose of advertising his Airedales. Therefore, he placed two conditions on the team. The first was that Thorpe had to field an all-Indian team. Secondly, Lingo wanted the team to help run his kennels in addition to playing football. Thorpe and Calac agreed to both terms.[2] Finally, Thorpe would be paid $500 a week (8.082)Vorlage:Inflation/fn to coach, play, and manage the kennels.[3]
In June 1922, Lingo, who also served as the team's business manager, traveled to Canton, Ohio, and purchased an NFL franchise for $100 (1.616).Vorlage:Inflation/fn He named his team the Oorang Indians, after his kennels and favorite breed of dog. The name stood out to sports and dog fans alike. Lingo originally wanted the team to play out of LaRue, but that was hard to justify since the small town was missing a football field. The issue led to the club performing almost exclusively on the road as a traveling team, where it could draw the biggest crowds and best advertise the dogs. However, Thorpe and Lingo also felt that it would be nice to keep the Indians at home once or twice a year. The nearest town with a suitable football field was Marion, Ohio, which served as the location for the Indians' "home" games. The players would be in a constant state of travel week after week to many of the major cities in the country; such traveling teams were a regular part of professional football, which had a tradition of barnstorming, through its early existence. However, despite the hectic schedule, Lingo later insisted that the Indians received the very best of care. The same dieticians and the same trainer who fed his Airedales and cared for their well-being also tended to the Indian team members.[2]
===Fielding the team===
Vorlage:Quote box Jim Thorpe served as a player-coach and recruited players for the team. In keeping with Lingo's wishes that franchise be an all-Indian team, Indians from all over the United States traveled to LaRue to try out for the team. Many of the prospects were from Thorpe's alma mater, the Carlisle Indian School. Several of the candidates looking to make the team had not played in years and were older than 40. While many of the members of the team were not full-blooded Indians—Thorpe himself was three-eighths Irish—every identifiable team member has proved to have at least some Indian blood. The Oorang Indians consisted of members who were Cherokee, Mohawk, Chippewa, Blackfeet, Winnebago, Mission, Caddo, Flathead, Sac and Fox, Seneca, and Penobscot. The team roster included such colorful names as Long Time Sleep, Woodchuck Welmas, Joe Little Twig, Big Bear, War Eagle, and Thorpe. The team also had four former Carlisle Indians football captains in Thorpe, Joe Guyon, Pete Calac, and Elmer Busch and the Indians' trainer was John Morrison, reportedly the first Carlisle captain.[2]
Walter Lingo's son Bob later recalled that the team practiced every day, depending on the workload at the dog kennel. However, training for an NFL season was only a secondary mission for the players. They did everything at the dog kennels, from training the dogs to building crates to ship them in. They kept in good physical condition, which was more important than an actual practice. Bob Lingo also stated that several of the team's plays were made up on the spot, similar to the play-calling in a sandlot football game.[4]
===The 1922 season===
The Indians had two future Hall of Famers on the roster, Thorpe and Joe Guyon. However, they did not play much. Thorpe was confined to coaching on the sidelines through most of the first half of the 1922 season and never played more than a half afterward. Guyon did not join the team until midway through the 1922 season. Pete Calac, who won several "Ohio League" titles with Thorpe and the Canton Bulldogs, was still suffering from career-threatening wounds from fighting in France during World War I.[2]
The Indians began their season with a 3–2 record in their first 5 five games. Both of the team's losses came against NFL opponents, the Canton Bulldogs and the Dayton Triangles. Two of their victories came against independent teams and one in the NFL, the perennially bottom-dwelling Columbus Panhandles. One of those games against an independent team, the Indianapolis Belmonts, was played in a snowstorm. The Indians defeated the Belmonts, 33–0, taking home $2,000 (32.329)Vorlage:Inflation/fn in profits along with a Cherokee tackle named Chief Johnson, whom Thorpe recruited at halftime. A week later the Indians were defeated 62–0 (a “scorigami”, as this has not been the final score of an NFL game since) by the Akron Pros. The team then lost their next three games, all against league opponents: the Minneapolis Marines 13–6, the Chicago Bears 33–6, and the Milwaukee Badgers 13–0. The team did rebound to win their next two games, which were against league opponents, an upset over the Buffalo All-Americans 19–7, and a rematch with Columbus 18–6. However, their last two games ended in losses against independent teams, to finish with a 3–6 record (5–8 overall).[5]
====First-ever halftime shows====
Rather than retiring to the locker room at halftime, the Oorang Indians showed Lingo's Airedales to the crowd. It was debatable, though, whether the Indians were there to play football or give Airedale exhibitions at halftime. In addition to the exhibitions with the dogs, the Indians, including Thorpe, participated in helping the Oorang Airedales perform tricks for the crowd.[6] However, it was their halftime entertainment that made them such a huge attraction in the early 1920s. There were shooting exhibitions with the dogs retrieving the targets. There were Indian dances and tomahawk and knife-throwing demonstrations. Thorpe had a history of repeatedly drop kicking footballs through the uprights from midfield.[7][8] Indians player Nick Lassa (also called "Long-Time-Sleep") even wrestled a bear on occasion.[9]
====Off-field behavior====
The Indians players knew that Lingo's only goal was to advertise his Airedales and that winning football games wasn't important to him. Therefore, the players spent a lot of their free time partying and drinking. In 1922, the night before a game with the Chicago Bears, the Indians went to a Chicago bar called "Everyman's Saloon." At 2:00 a.m., the bartender stopped serving drinks since Illinois law prohibited the sale of alcohol after 2 a.m. This action upset the Indians players, who stuffed the bartender in a telephone booth and turned it upside down. The Indians lost to the Bears 33–6 just a few hours later. Another instance occurred in November 1923 in St. Louis (as the Indians were in town for a game against the All-Stars), when several of the Indians went out drinking for the night. As the night came to an end, the players decided it was time to return to their hotel. They soon found a trolley that could take them back to their rooms; however, that particular trolley was headed in the opposite direction. To solve this problem, the Indians players reportedly picked up the trolley, and turned it around on the tracks. They then told the conductor the address for their hotel.[2][9]
Another reason for the team's lack of success, according to Ed Healey, a Hall of Fame tackle for the Chicago Bears, was that Thorpe was not a good coach, especially where discipline was concerned. However, Healey insisted the players were "tough S.O.B.'s, but good guys off the field."[2]
===The 1923 season===
The Indians played in the NFL again for the 1923 season, but the team that was fielded was weaker than the one from the year prior. While many of the players had moments of great play, the 1923 Indians were anchored by Thorpe, Guyon, and Calac, though those three players were constantly missing from the line-up due to injury. Guyon did not play until the eighth game of the season against the Canton Bulldogs, and Thorpe suffered a season-ending injury in the team's ninth game, against the Columbus Tigers. While Thorpe was still a decent player, he had lost much of the speed that helped him throughout his earlier career.
The team lost all of their first nine games, all against NFL opponents, and were outscored 235–12. The Indians finally won their first game of the season against the independent Marion Athletics, 33–0, before splitting their last two games, a 22–19 loss against the Chicago Cardinals and a 19–0 win over the Louisville Brecks.[5]
===Decline===
At first the Oorang Indians were an excellent gate attraction. However, most fans knew that the team wasn't very good, and they'd already seen the halftime show, so they stayed away. The novelty soon wore off and Lingo pulled his financial backing. At the end of the 1923 season, the Oorang Indians disbanded. Lingo didn't renew the franchise, and it formally folded in 1924.[10]
==Legacy==
In 1997, which was the 75th anniversary of the team's founding, the Marion County Historical Society erected an Ohio Historic Marker on the site of the Oorang Indians' practice field in LaRue, Ohio.[11] Today, LaRue still has the distinction of being the smallest community to have a National Football League franchise. Two members of the Oorang Indians, Jim Thorpe and Joe Guyon, were named as charter members of the National Football League Hall of Fame. Meanwhile, Lingo's kennels, which were the sole reason for the team, thrived until 1929, when the industry was impacted by the Great Depression; however, the Oorang Kennel Company continued until Walter Lingo's death in 1969.[12] The Indians are also believed to have the highest percentage of Oklahomans on its roster than any other NFL squad before or since.[6] Finally the club was also the first NFL team to have a regular training camp during their short existence.[9]
Lingo revived the Oorang Indians as a basketball team in the late 1920s, again with Jim Thorpe as his star; the basketball version of the Indians is poorly documented.[13]
==Pro Football Hall of Famers==
| Oorang Indians Hall of Famers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Players | ||||
| No. | Name | Position | Tenure | Inducted |
| — | Joe Guyon | T/HB | 1922–1923 | 1966 |
| — | Jim Thorpe | Back Coach |
1922–1923 | 1963 |
==Season-by-season==
| Year | W | L | T | Finish | Coach |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1922[2] | 3 | 6 | 0 | 12th | Jim Thorpe |
| 1923[2] | 1 | 10 | 0 | 18th |
==Tribes represented==
- Cherokee
- Chippewa
- Arrowhead
- Napoleon Barrel
- Leon Boutwell
- Ted Buffalo
- Xavier Downwind
- Gray Horse
- Joe Guyon
- Ted St. Germaine
- Baptiste Thunder
- Cupeno
- Flathead
- Mission
- Mohawk
- Mohican
- Pomo
- Sac and Fox
- Winnebago
- Wyandotte
== Weblinks ==
Einzelnachweise
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]- ↑ Tod Maher: IN THE BEGINNING. In: The Coffin Corner. Band 15, Nr. 3, 1993.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Bob Braunwart, Bob Caroll, Joe Horrigan: The Oorang Indians ( des vom 14. Oktober 2013 im Internet Archive), Pro Football Researchers Association, 1981, S. 1–17
- ↑ a b Vorlage:Cite newsletter
- ↑ Chris Willis: Remembering the Oorang Indians, Part II. In: Coffin Corner. 24. Jahrgang, Nr. 4. Pro Football Researchers Association, 2002, S. 1–3 (profootballresearchers.com [PDF]).
- ↑ a b Robert Lowell Whitman: Jim Thorpe and the Oorang Indians: The N.F.L.'s Most Colorful Franchise. The Hubbard Company, 1984.Vorlage:Page needed
- ↑ a b Jimmie Tramel: NFL's Indians were rich in Oklahomans In: Tulsa World, September 13, 2009
- ↑ Research PFRA: A Closer Look: 50-YD Dks. In: Coffin Corner. 1. Jahrgang, Nr. 7. Pro Football Researchers Association, 1979, S. 1 (profootballresearchers.org ( des vom 4. Oktober 2013 im Internet Archive)).
- ↑ Chris Willis: Remembering the Oorang Indians. In: Coffin Corner. 24. Jahrgang, Nr. 3. Pro Football Researchers Association, S. 1–3 (profootballresearchers.org ( des vom 26. Februar 2012 im Internet Archive)).
- ↑ a b c Sam Borowski: Oorang Indians: One of the First NFL Teams ( des vom September 12, 2017 im Internet Archive) In: Indian Country Today, Lakota Times, January 5, 1995. Abgerufen im March 28, 2012
- ↑ History:The Oorang Indians. Pro Football Hall of Fame, abgerufen am 27. März 2012.
- ↑ Home of the Oorang Indians. Historical Marker Database, abgerufen am 28. März 2012.
- ↑ The Oorang Indians of LaRue, Ohio. MarionHistory.com, archiviert vom am 14. Oktober 2008; abgerufen am 27. März 2012.
- ↑ History Detectives: Jim Thorpe Ticket, pbs.org, Retrieved July 30, 2012.
Geschichte der AFL (PDF-Datei; 88 kB)
https://www.google.de/books/edition/Cash_and_Carry/XoRZsN4HjkoC?hl=de&gbpv=0
Teams
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]== Geschichte == == Statistik == == Mitglieder in der Pro Football Hall of Fame == == Namhafte Spieler == == Literatur == == Weblinks == == Einzelnachweise ==
- Pro Football Reference https://www.pro-football-reference.com/
- Pro Football Archives https://web.archive.org/web/20231019225036/https://www.profootballarchives.com/
- https://www.profootballarchives.com/
- Gridiron Uniform https://www.gridiron-uniforms.com
https://www.newspapers.com/image/
| Saison | Liga (evt) | Siege | Niederlagen | Unentschieden | Punkte erzielt | Punkte zugelassen | Platzierung | Playoffs (evtl) | Head Coach |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1920 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 49 | 63 | 11. (von 14) | Guil Falcon |
- Clarence Horning, Tackle, spielte von 1919 bis 1921 für die Detroit Heralds/Tigers
| Baltimore Colts Hall of Famers | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Position | Spielzeit | Aufnahme in die HOF |
| George Blanda | Quarterback, Kicker | 1949–1975 | 1981 |
| Art Donovan | Defensive Tackle | 1950–1961 | 1968 |
| Y. A. Tittle | Quarterback | 1948–1964 | 1971 |
Gründungsteam = *
bei allen Infos zu Uniformen + Infobox ergänzen
Sonstiges
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]- https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-04-29-9304300150-story.html charles sportsman park capone
- https://www.newspapers.com/image/98168423/?terms=Ralph%20Wilson%22%20divorce%20%22Buffalo%20Bills%22&match=1 EX-Mrs Wilson heiratet Keeland (Dolphins)
- Sitz des Teams Chicago (Layden), Bell (Bala Cynwyd), ab 1960 New York
- http://football.ballparks.com/NFL/BuffaloBills/oldindex.htm Spiele in Buffalo
- https://eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/2019/07/26/every-nfl-stadium-with-a-regular-season-or-postseason-game/39813049/ Alle Stadien
- http://www.quirkyresearch.com/2020/10/30/history-of-nfl-rescheduled-relocated-and-canceled-games/ verlegte Spiele
- https://www.newspapers.com/image/595290441/?terms=Baltimore%20Football%20Livie%20Nee&match=1 Eigner AAFC
- New York National League Football Company Eigner Giants
- NFL-Teambesitzer
- https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/30827733/lawsuits-mergers-super-bowl-pranks-raiders-owner-al-davis-pete-rozelle-years Raiders - Rozelle
- https://www.newspapers.com/image/397550962/?terms=%22Chris%2BO%27Brien%22%2BFootball%2BCardinals Beginn NFL
- https://www.newspapers.com/image/391843702/?terms=%22Chris%2BO%27Brien%22%2BFootball%2BCardinals Bgeinn NFL
- https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/4553878/estate-of-paul-e-brown-peter-d-brown-and-michael-brown-co-executors-v/ Paul Brown Daten NFL und vorgänger
- https://www.newspapers.com/image/228380624 Akron 21. August 1920
- https://www.newspapers.com/image/447739258/?terms=%22Carl%20Storck%22&match=1 geschcihte bis 1945
- https://www.newspapers.com/image/447739329/?terms=%22Carl%20Storck%22&match=1 geschcihte bis 1945
- https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ls?field1=ocr;q1=Organized%20Professional%20Team%20Sports;a=srchls;lmt=ft organized professional team sports hathitrust
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Defunct_National_Football_League_teams
- https://www.profootballresearchers.org/coffin-corner.html
| Down, Set, Talk | |
| Podcasts & Videoshows | |
| Originalsprache | deutsch |
|---|---|
| Veröffentlichung | Seit 2018 |
| Genre | American Football |
| Produktion | Christoph Kröger |
| Mitwirkende | |
| Moderation | Adrian Franke und Christoph Kröger |
Down, Set, Talk ist ein seit 2018 bestehender deutschsprachiger American-Football-Podcast der Journalisten Adrian Franke und Christoph Kröger.
Geschichte
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Adrian Franke (geboren 1989) war von 2013 bis Februar 2023 bei SPOX tätig. Ab Herbst 2015 war er dort vor allem für die NFL zuständig. Durch diese Tätigkeit erschienen 2018 sein Buch „American Football: Alles, was man wissen muss“ und 2019 „American Football: Die größten Legenden: Porträts, Geschichten und Skandale in der NFL“ Christoph Kröger (geboren 1990) ist nach Abschluss des Studiums 2018 ebenfalls im Sportjournalismus tätig.
Im Vorfeld des NFL Draft 2018 begannen die beiden mit der Produktion eines wöchentlich erscheinenden Podcasts zur NFL. Die erste Folge erschien am 18. April 2018. Die technische Produktion obliegt dabei hauptsächlich Christoph Kröger.
Die Inhalte des in der Regel am Donnerstag erscheinenden Podcasts folgen dabei dem Saisongeschehen in der NFL. Während der Spielzeit erfolgt eine ausführliche Berichterstattung zu den anstehenden Spielen und den jeweiligen Match-Ups. In der spielfreien Zeit wird die Free-Agency und der NFL-Draft journalistisch begleitet. Im Vorfeld der neuen Saison werden alle Teams ausführlich besprochen.
Seit 23. August 2019 ist der Podcast der offizielle NFL-Podcast von DAZN und SPOX. 2021 wurde der Podcast in der Kategorie Beste Sportberichterstattung Audio für den Deutschen Sportjournalistenpreis nominiert.
Seit dem 31. Januar 2021 erscheint zusätzlich das Format „Down, Set, Short“ in dem aktuelle Geschehen aufgegriffen und in ca. 30 Minuten besprochen werden und seit dem 21. November 2022 „Montalk“ in dem die wichtigsten Themen des vergangenen Spieltages besprochen werden. Am 26. April 2023 wurde bekanntgegeben, dass der Podcast nunmehr vertraglich mit RTL verbunden ist. Die RTL-Sendergruppe hat ab Saison 2023 die Übertragungsrechte an der NFL erworben.
Am 30. Mai 2023 startete das monatliche Format „Down, Set, Classics“ bei dem ein historisches Ereignis aus der NFL im heutigen Kontext betrachtet wird. Dieses Format ist exklusiv auf RTL+ verfügbar. Ab 23. April 2024 wurde dieses Format durch eine monatliche Frage-Antwort-Folge abgelöst.
Am 10. Juli 2023 startete das Format „Down, Set, Ranked“ in dem wöchentlich in der Off-Season das Ranking der Spieler einer Position durchgeführt wird.
Daneben wurde gelegentlich ein You-Tube-Livestream angeboten. Über die Patreon-Plattform erhalten Nutzer gegen eine Bezahlung zusätzliche Inhalte.
Weblinks
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]- https://downsettalk.de/
- https://art19.com/shows/down-set-talk
- https://www.patreon.com/downsettalk[1]
Einzelnachweise
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]- ↑ Downsettalk. In: www.patreon.com. Abgerufen am 13. Oktober 2021 (deutsch).
Spieler etc.
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]- Tony Dungy
- Miles McPherson
- Ken Hutcherson
- Napoleon Kaufman
- George Halas
- Giles E. Miller (Dallas Texans)
- Sheppard Royle https://archives.house.state.pa.us/people/member-biography?ID=2236
- Tex Schramm
ToDo
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Josh Harris (Unternehmer) Philadelphia 76ers and New Jersey Devils, Mitchell Rales, Magic Johnson
NFL-Fragmente
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts wurde der American Football auch außerhalb der Colleges immer populärer in vielen Städten des Mittleren Westens bildeten sich professionelle oder semiprofessionelle Mannschaften. Diese wurden teilweise auch durch örtliche Unternehmen finanziert. Die ersten Zentren lagen in Ohio und im Westen von Pennsylvania und New York. Anfang der 1900er Jahre bildeten sich in diesen Staaten Ligen um einen Meister zu ermitteln. Das Regelwerk basierte auf informellen Absprachen unter den beteiligten Teams. Am 20. August 1920 und am 17. September 1920 trafen sich Vertreter von Teams aus Ohio, Indiana, Illinois und New York um für die kommende Saison einen gemeinsamen Spielplan zu vereinbaren. Zum Präsidenten wurde der prominente Sportler Jim Thorpe bestimmt. Nach der ersten Saison zeigte sich, dass die geplante Zusammenarbeit nicht im gewünschten Maße realisiert wurde und die meisten offenen Punkte (.....) nicht gelöst worden waren. Deshalb kam es 1921 zu einer Neuorganisation. Der Manager der Columbus Panhandles Joseph P. Carr übernahm die Leitung der Liga. Sein Stellvertreter wurde Carl Storck von den Dayton Triangles. Unter Führung dieser beiden wurde der Liga eine feste Struktur gegeben.
Bereits ab Mitte der 1970er Jahre begann die NFL darüber nachzudenken, wie man die Liga bzw. den Sport international vermarkten konnte. Ein erster Versuch war die World League of American Football
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